在 CentOS 7 CPanel 服务器上安装 MariaDB 10

MariaDB 是一个增强版的、开源的 MySQL 替代品。它主要由 MariaDB 社区在维护，采用 GPL v2 授权许可。软件的安全性是 MariaDB 开发者的主要焦点。他们保持为 MariaDB 的每个版本发布安全补丁。当有任何安全问题被发现时，开发者会尽快修复并推出 MariaDB 的新版本。

MariaDB 的优势

完全开源

快速且透明的安全版本

与 MySQL 高度兼容

性能更好

比 MySQL 的存储引擎多

在这篇文章中，我将谈论关于如何在 CentOS7 CPanel 服务器上升级 MySQL5.5 到最新的 MariaDB 。在安装前先完成以下步骤。

先决条件:

1. 停止当前 MySQL 服务

root@server1 [/var/]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5859

Server version: 5.5.47-cll MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

root@server1 [~]# systemctl stop mysql

root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql

mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL

Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql)

Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:00:02 UTC; 1min 31s ago

Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)

Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...

Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: mysql.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=203/EXEC

Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Unit mysql.service entered failed state.

Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: mysql.service failed.

2. 在升级之前将所有配置文件和数据库转移

转移数据库的存储路径和 MySQL 的配置文件

root@server1 [~]# cp -Rf /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql-old

root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

default-storage-engine=MyISAM

innodb_file_per_table=1

max_allowed_packet=268435456

open_files_limit=10000

root@server1 [~]#mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf-old

3. 从服务器上删除和卸载 MySQL 所有的 RPM 包

运行以下命令来禁用 MySQL RPM 的目标target。通过运行此命令，cPanel 将不再处理 MySQL 的更新，并在系统上将这些 RPM 版本标记为已卸载。

/scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL50 uninstalled

/scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL51 uninstalled

/scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL55 uninstalled

/scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL56 uninstalled

现在运行以下命令：

/scripts/checkcpanelrpms --fix --targets=MySQL50,MySQL51,MySQL55,MySQL56

移除服务器上所有已有的 MySQL RPM 来为 MariaDB 的安装清理环境。请看下面的输出：

root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# /scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix --targets=MySQL50,MySQL51,MySQL55,MySQL56

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000]

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Problems were detected with cPanel-provided files which are RPM controlled.

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] If you did not make these changes intentionally, you can correct them by running:

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000]

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] > /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000]

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] The following RPMs are unneeded on your system and should be uninstalled:

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-client-5.5.47-1.cp1148

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-devel-5.5.47-1.cp1148

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-server-5.5.47-1.cp1148

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-shared-5.5.47-1.cp1148

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-test-5.5.47-1.cp1148

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] compat-MySQL50-shared-5.0.96-4.cp1136

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] compat-MySQL51-shared-5.1.73-1.cp1150

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Removing 0 broken rpms:

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] rpm: no packages given for erase

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] No new RPMS needed for install

[2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Disabling service monitoring.

[2016-01-31 09:54:01 +0000] Uninstalling unneeded rpms: MySQL55-test MySQL55-server MySQL55-client compat-MySQL51-shared compat-MySQL50-shared MySQL55-shared MySQL55-devel

[2016-01-31 09:54:04 +0000] Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service.

[2016-01-31 09:54:04 +0000] Restoring service monitoring.

通过这些步骤，我们已经卸载了现有的 MySQL RPM，并做了标记来防止 MySQL的更新，服务器的环境已经清理，然后准备安装 MariaDB。

开始安装吧，我们需要根据 CentOS 和 MariaDB 的版本为 MariaDB 创建一个 yum 软件库。下面是我的做法！

安装步骤：

第1步：创建 YUM 软件库。

root@server1 [~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

[mariadb]

name = MariaDB

baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64/

gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB

gpgcheck=1

root@server1 [/etc/yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

[mariadb]

name = MariaDB

baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64/

gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB

gpgcheck=1

第2步：打开 /etc/yum.conf 并修改如下行：

删除这一行：

exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* mysql* nsd* php* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin* squirrelmail*

替换为：

exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* nsd* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin* squirrelmail*

重要

需要确保我们已经从 exclude 列表中移除了 MySQL 和 PHP。

第3步：运行以下命令来安装 MariaDB 和相关的包。

root@server1 [~]#yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-devel php-mysql

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===============================================================================================================================================

Installing:

MariaDB-client x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 10 M

MariaDB-devel x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 6.3 M

MariaDB-server x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 55 M

php-mysql x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 99 k

Installing for dependencies:

MariaDB-common x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 43 k

MariaDB-shared x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 1.2 M

libzip x86_64 0.10.1-8.el7 base 48 k

php-common x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 563 k

php-pdo x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 97 k

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================================================================================

Install 4 Packages (+5 Dependent package)

第4步：重新启动，并确保 MySQL 服务已启动。

root@server1 [~]# systemctl start mysql

root@server1 [~]#

root@server1 [~]#

root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql

mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL

Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql)

Active: active (exited) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:01:46 UTC; 3s ago

Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

Process: 23717 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)

Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...

Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com mysql[23717]: Starting MySQL SUCCESS!

Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.

第5步：运行 mysql_upgrade 命令。

它将检查所有数据库中的所有表与当前安装的版本是否兼容，并在必要时会更新系统表，以赋予当前版本新增加的权限或能力。

root@server1 [~]# mysql_upgrade

MySQL upgrade detected

Phase 1/6: Checking and upgrading mysql database

Processing databases

mysql

mysql.columns_priv OK

mysql.db OK

mysql.event OK

mysql.func OK

mysql.help_category OK

mysql.help_keyword OK

mysql.help_relation OK

mysql.help_topic OK

mysql.host OK

mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK

mysql.plugin OK

mysql.proc OK

mysql.procs_priv OK

mysql.proxies_priv OK

mysql.servers OK

mysql.tables_priv OK

mysql.time_zone OK

mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK

mysql.time_zone_name OK

mysql.time_zone_transition OK

mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK

mysql.user OK

Phase 2/6: Fixing views from mysql

Phase 3/6: Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'

Phase 4/6: Fixing table and database names

Phase 5/6: Checking and upgrading tables

Processing databases

cphulkd

cphulkd.auths OK

cphulkd.blacklist OK

cphulkd.brutes OK

cphulkd.good_logins OK

cphulkd.ip_lists OK

cphulkd.known_netblocks OK

cphulkd.login_track OK

cphulkd.logins OK

cphulkd.report OK

cphulkd.whitelist OK

eximstats

eximstats.defers OK

eximstats.failures OK

eximstats.sends OK

eximstats.smtp OK

information_schema

leechprotect

leechprotect.hits OK

modsec

modsec.hits OK

performance_schema

roundcube

roundcube.cache OK

roundcube.cache_index OK

roundcube.cache_messages OK

roundcube.cache_shared OK

roundcube.cache_thread OK

roundcube.contactgroupmembers OK

roundcube.contactgroups OK

roundcube.contacts OK

roundcube.cp_schema_version OK

roundcube.dictionary OK

roundcube.identities OK

roundcube.searches OK

roundcube.session OK

roundcube.system OK

roundcube.users OK

saheetha_test

saheetha_test.authors OK

whmxfer

whmxfer.sessions OK

Phase 6/6: Running 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES'

OK

第6步：再次重新启动 MySQL 的服务，以确保一切都运行完好。

root@server1 [~]# systemctl restart mysql

root@server1 [~]#

root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql

mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL

Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql)

Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:04:11 UTC; 9s ago

Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

Process: 23831 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 23854 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)

CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service

├─23861 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/server1.centos7-test.com.pid

└─23933 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/v...

Jan 31 10:04:10 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...

Jan 31 10:04:11 server1.centos7-test.com mysql[23854]: Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

Jan 31 10:04:11 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.

第7步：运行 EasyApache，重建 Apache/PHP 以支持 MariaDB，并确保所有 PHP 的模块保持不变。

root@server1 [~]#/scripts/easyapache --build

重要

如果你在安装 MariaDB 之后忘记重建 Apache/PHP，将会报如下库错误：

root@server1 [/etc/my.cnf.d]# php -v

php: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

第8步：现在验证安装的程序和数据库。

root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# mysql

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 15

Server version: 10.0.23-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show storage engines;

+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |

+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |

| MRG_MyISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |

| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |

| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |

| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |

| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Percona-XtraDB, Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |

| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |

| FEDERATED | YES | FederatedX pluggable storage engine | YES | NO | YES |

| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |

| Aria | YES | Crash-safe tables with MyISAM heritage | NO | NO | NO |

+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

就这样 ：）。现在，我们该去欣赏 MariaDB 完善和高效的特点了。希望你喜欢阅读本文。希望留下您宝贵的建议和反馈！

编译自：http://linoxide.com/how-tos/install-mariadb-10-centos-7-cpanel/作者： Saheetha Shameer
原创：LCTT https://linux.cn/article-7459-1.html译者： struggling