为了让读者对基于ASP.ENT Roles授权方式有一个全面的认识，我们现在来做一个实例演示。在这个实例中，我们将采用不同的认证方式，包括Windows认证和证书认证（ASP.NET Membership + Roles为常见的组合方式，在这里就不多作演示）。简单起见，我们依然沿用一贯的基于如下图所示的解决方案结构，并且依然采用声明式的授权。所以在服务操作方法Add上通过应用PrincipalPermissionAttribute特性指定其被授权的角色Administrators。
1: public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
2: {
3: [PrincipalPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Role = "Administrators")]
4: public double Add(double x, double y)
5: {
6: return x + y;
7: }
8: }
一、为SqlRoleProvider创建数据库
我们具体采用的RoleProvider为SqlRoleProvider。为此，我们首先需要做的就是创建相应的数据库。ASP.NET所有提供程序（比如Membership、Roles、Profile和Site Map等）所用的数据库的初始化工作都可以通过aspnet_regsql.exe这个工具来生成。当你创建了数据库之后，你需要在aspnet_Applications表中插入一条记录，以表示我们我们即将演示的应用。你可以直接执行如下的一段SQL脚本，在该校本中我们将演示应用起名为AspRolesAuthorizationDemo。
1: INSERT INTO [aspnet_Applications]
2: ([ApplicationName]
3: ,[LoweredApplicationName]
4: ,[ApplicationId]
5: ,[Description])
6: VALUES
7: (
8: 'AspRolesAuthorizationDemo'
9: ,'asprolesauthorizationdemo '
10: ,NEWID()
11: ,''
12: )
二、在Windows认证下使用ASP.ENT Roles授权
我们授权演示的是在客户端凭证类型为Windows的情况下采用ASP.NET Roles授权模式，为此我们需要更新一下服务端和客户端的配置。注意不要忘了将根据你的实际情况修正连接字符串。下面是服务端配置。
1: <?xml version="1.0"?>
2: <configuration>
3: <connectionStrings>
4: <add name="aspNetDb" connectionString="..." providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
5: </connectionStrings>
6: <system.web>
7: <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="sqlRoleProvider">
8: <providers>
9: <add name="sqlRoleProvider"
10: type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider, System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"
11: connectionStringName="AspNetDb" applicationName="AspRolesAuthorizationDemo"/>
12: </providers>
13: </roleManager>
14: </system.web>
15: <system.serviceModel>
16: <services>
17: <service name="Artech.WcfServices.Services.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="useAspNetRoles">
18: <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1/calculatorservice" binding="ws2007HttpBinding"
19: contract="Artech.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator"/>
20: </service>
21: </services>
22: <behaviors>
23: <serviceBehaviors>
24: <behavior name="useAspNetRoles">
25: <serviceAuthorization principalPermissionMode="UseAspNetRoles" roleProviderName="sqlRoleProvider"/>
26: </behavior>
27: </serviceBehaviors>
28: </behaviors>
29: </system.serviceModel>
30: </configuration>
下面是客户端配置。
1: <?xml version="1.0"?>
2: <configuration>
3: <system.serviceModel>
4: <client>
5: <endpoint name="calculatorService" address="http://127.0.0.1/calculatorservice" binding="ws2007HttpBinding"
6: contract="Artech.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator"/>
7: </client>
8: </system.serviceModel>
9: </configuration>
在这之前我们需要创建了两个Windows帐号Foo和Bar，密码为Password。由于我们现在是采用ASP.NET Roles进行授权，我们需要通过Roles这个静态类为他们分配相应的权限。为了省事，我直接将相应的实现写在如下所示的服务寄宿程序中。在这段代码中，如果Administrators角色不存在，先创建它，并将其分配给用户Jinnan-PC\Foo（Jinnan-PC为我的机器名，对于域帐号，用域名替换）。
1: if (!Roles.RoleExists("Administrators"))
2: {
3: Roles.CreateRole("Administrators");
4: }
5: if(!Roles.IsUserInRole(@"Jinnan-PC\Foo","Administrators"))
6: {
7: Roles.AddUserToRole(@"Jinnan-PC\Foo","Administrators");
8: }
9: using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
10: {
11: host.Open();
12: Console.Read();
13: }
然后客户端分别以Foo和Bar的名义进行两次服务调用，下面是客户端程序：
1: ChannelFactory<ICalculator> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorService");
2: NetworkCredential credential = channelFactory.Credentials.Windows.ClientCredential;
3: credential.UserName = "Foo";
4: credential.Password = "Password";
5: ICalculator calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();
6: Invoke(calculator);
7:
8: channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorService");
9: credential = channelFactory.Credentials.Windows.ClientCredential;
10: credential.UserName = "Bar";
11: credential.Password = "Password";
12: calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();
13: Invoke(calculator);
其中Invoke方法定义如下：
1: static void Invoke(ICalculator calculator)
2: {
3: try
4: {
5: calculator.Add(1,2);
6: Console.WriteLine("服务调用成功...");
7: }
8: catch (Exception ex)
9: {
10: Console.WriteLine("服务调用失败...");
11: }
12: }
由于Foo在服务启动之初就已经分配了Adminstrators角色，而Bar没有，所以只有第一次服务调用能够成功。而最终的执行结果也印证了这一点。
1: 服务调用成功...
2: 服务调用失败...
三、在X.509证书认证下使用ASP.ENT Roles授权
接下来我们来演示客户端使用X.509证书的情况下如何使用ASP.ENT Roles授权。为此我们需要通过如下的命令行创建三个主题名称（CN）分别为Jinnan-PC（你可以任意指定该证书主体名称）、Foo和Bar的证书。第一个作为服务证书，后两个坐位客户端证书。它们都自动保存到本机（LocalMachine）的个人证书存储区。然后我们利用MMC的证书管理单元将Foo和Bar两证书导入到受信任人（Trusted People）证书存储区。
1: MakeCert –n “CN=Jinnan-PC” –sr LocalMachine –ss My –pe –sky exchange
2: MakeCert –n “CN=Foo” –sr LocalMachine –ss My –pe –sky exchange
3: MakeCert –n “CN=Bar” –sr LocalMachine –ss My –pe –sky exchange
为了采用X.509证书作为客户端凭证，我们需要修改服务端和客户端的配置。在服务端配置中，不仅仅通过服务行为进行基于ASP.NET Roles授权相应的设置，还为服务设置了服务证书（Jinnan-PC），以及针对证书的认证模式（PeerOrChainTrust）。而客户端则将服务证书的认证模式设为None。下面是服务端配置。
1: <?xml version="1.0"?>
2: <configuration>
3: <connectionStrings>
4: <add name="AspNetDb" connectionString="..." providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
5: </connectionStrings>
6: <system.web>
7: <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="SqlRoleProvider">
8: <providers>
9: <add name="sqlRoleProvider"
10: type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider, System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"
11: connectionStringName="AspNetDb" applicationName="AspRolesAuthorizationDemo"/>
12: </providers>
13: </roleManager>
14: </system.web>
15: <system.serviceModel>
16: <bindings>
17: <ws2007HttpBinding>
18: <binding name="certificateCredentialBinding">
19: <security mode="Message">
20: <message clientCredentialType="Certificate"/>
21: </security>
22: </binding>
23: </ws2007HttpBinding>
24: </bindings>
25: <services>
26: <service name="Artech.WcfServices.Services.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="useAspNetRoles">
27: <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1/calculatorservice" binding="ws2007HttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="certificateCredentialBinding"
28: contract="Artech.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator"/>
29: </service>
30: </services>
31: <behaviors>
32: <serviceBehaviors>
33: <behavior name="useAspNetRoles">
34: <serviceAuthorization principalPermissionMode="UseAspNetRoles" roleProviderName="sqlRoleProvider"/>
35: <serviceCredentials>
36: <serviceCertificate storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName ="My" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" findValue="Jinnan-PC"/>
37: <clientCertificate>
38: <authentication certificateValidationMode="PeerOrChainTrust"/>
39: </clientCertificate>
40: </serviceCredentials>
41: </behavior>
42: </serviceBehaviors>
43: </behaviors>
44: </system.serviceModel>
45: </configuration>
下面是客户端配置。
1: <?xml version="1.0"?>
2: <configuration>
3: <system.serviceModel>
4: <bindings>
5: <ws2007HttpBinding>
6: <binding name="certificateCredentialBinding">
7: <security mode="Message">
8: <message clientCredentialType="Certificate"/>
9: </security>
10: </binding>
11: </ws2007HttpBinding>
12: </bindings>
13: <client>
14: <endpoint name="calculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="ignoreCertValidation"
15: address="http://127.0.0.1/calculatorservice" binding="ws2007HttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="certificateCredentialBinding"
16: contract="Artech.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator">
17: <identity>
18: <certificateReference storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName ="My" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" findValue="Jinnan-PC"/>
19: </identity>
20: </endpoint>
21: </client>
22: <behaviors>
23: <endpointBehaviors>
24: <behavior name="ignoreCertValidation">
25: <clientCredentials>
26: <serviceCertificate>
27: <authentication certificateValidationMode="None"/>
28: </serviceCertificate>
29: </clientCredentials>
30: </behavior>
31: </endpointBehaviors>
32: </behaviors>
33: </system.serviceModel>
34: </configuration>
现在我需要做的是通过Roles这个静态类型对以证书表示的两个用户进行角色的分配。之前我们已经说过，当客户端采用证书作为客户端凭证的情况下，用户名称得格式为（<<主题名称>>； <<指纹>>）。Foo的主题名称为CN=Foo，你可以通过MMC的证书管理单元查看证书的指纹，比如指纹内容为50819320DAAF1BAD9DE8823D3216BE9B36760C4D。那么我们只需要针对用户名“CN=Foo; 50819320DAAF1BAD9DE8823D3216BE9B36760C4D”进行授权就可以了。我们一样将角色分配实现在服务寄宿程序中。
1: if (!Roles.RoleExists("Administrators"))
2: {
3: Roles.CreateRole("Administrators");
4: }
5: if (!Roles.IsUserInRole("CN=Foo; 50819320DAAF1BAD9DE8823D3216BE9B36760C4D", "Administrators"))
6: {
7: Roles.AddUserToRole("CN=Foo; 50819320DAAF1BAD9DE8823D3216BE9B36760C4D", "Administrators");
8: }
9: using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
10: {
11: host.Open();
12: Console.Read();
13: }
然后客户端分别使用针对Foo和Bar两张不同证书作为凭证进行服务调用，相应的客户端程序如下所示。根据权限的不同，也只有第一次服务调用能够成功。
客户端程序：
1: ChannelFactory<ICalculator> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorService");
2: channelFactory.Credentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate( StoreLocation.LocalMachine, StoreName.My, X509FindType.FindBySubjectName,"Foo");
3: ICalculator calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();
4: Invoke(calculator);
5:
6: channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorService");
7: channelFactory.Credentials.ClientCertificate.SetCertificate(StoreLocation.LocalMachine, StoreName.My, X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "Bar");
8: calculator = channelFactory.CreateChannel();
9: Invoke(calculator);
输出结果：
1: 服务调用成功...
2: 服务调用失败...
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