最近基于selenium
写了一个python
小工具,记录下学习记录,自己运行的环境是Ubuntu 14.04.4
, Python 2.7
,Chromium 49.0
,ChromeDriver 2.16
selenium简介
selenium提供了一个通用的接口,可模拟用户来操作浏览器,比如用于自动化测试等.
selenium的核心是WebDriver
,它提供了一组接口,这些接口能够操作各种跨平台的浏览器.
各大浏览器厂商.
各大浏览器厂商也支持Selenium,将其作为浏览器的一部分.
selenium
工具集提供了WebDriver
,Selenium IDE
,Selenium-Grid
等
Selenium 1.0 + WebDriver = Selenium 2.0
Selenium WebDriver
是Selenium Remote Control(Selenium-RC)
的继承者.
WebDriver
提供了更简单和简洁的接口,克服了Selenium-RC API
一些限制.相比
Selenium 1.0
,WebDriver
是面向对象式的服务.WebDriver
驱动浏览器更有效率,提供了比Selenium 1.0
更多的功能Selenium RC
只能在单机上运行,WebDriver
则提供了远程操作的功能
selenium基本使用
selenium运行需要什么
主要包括三部分:selenium selenium
,浏览器driver
,浏览器
。
selenium selenium
是一组通用的接口,而不同的浏览器提供其自身的driver
(大部分是官方的),浏览器则被模拟控制操作的终端.
安装
pip install selenium --upgrade apt-get install chromium-browser wget http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.10/chromedriver_linux`getconf LONG_BIT`.zip unzip chromedriver_linux32.zip cp chromedriver /usr/local/share chmod +x /usr/local/share/chromedriver ln -s /usr/local/share/chromedriver /usr/local/bin/chromedriver ln -s /usr/bin/chromedriver /usr/local/share/chromedriver
简单的使用
from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/local/bin/chromedriver') driver.get('http://mail.sina.net'); print(driver.title)
API使用
可参考/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium
Chrome WebDriver
selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver(executable_path='chromedriver', port=0, chrome_options=None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=None)
ChromeOptions
可以通过ChromeDriver session
配置ChromeDriver session
ChromeDriver
convenient methods for setting ChromeDriver-specific capabilities
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options chrome_options = Options() chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-extensions") chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-logging') chrome_options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'download.default_directory':'/tmp'}) chrome_options.binary_location='/usr/bin/chromium-browser'driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
直接使用DesiredCapabilities
ChromeOptions是构建在DesiredCapabilities之上的,为了使用DesiredCapabilities,必须
知道capability的Key/value对.
chrome_options = Options() capabilities={} capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS"capabilities['version'] = "10"capabilities.update(chrome_options.to_capabilities()) driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=capabilities)
chromedriver运行方式
The ChromeDriver class
不断的创建实例,会浪费很多的时间,可以通过两个方式解决.
使用ChromeDriverService
import selenium.webdriver.chrome.service as service service = service.Service('/usr/bin/chromedrive') service.start() capabilities = { } driver = webdriver.Remote(service.service_url, capabilities) driver.get('http://mail.sina.net'); print(driver.title)
开启单独的ChromeDriver服务
./chromedriver driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:9515', DesiredCapabilities.CHROME) driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');
RemoteWebDriverServer
The RemoteWebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server. The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test.
wget http://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/2.53/selenium-server-standalone-2.53.0.jarjava -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.53.0.jarfrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',des desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME) driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');
其他
参考网站:
used pyvirtualdisplay to simulate a display:
由于使用的是Ubuntu服务器版,所以无法运行chrome,通过pyvirtualdisplay解决该问题
sudo apt-get install Xvfb sudo pip install pyvirtualdisplayfrom pyvirtualdisplay import Display display = Display(visible=0, size=(1024, 768)) display.start() driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/local/bin/chromedriver') driver.get('http://mail.sina.net'); print(driver.title) display.stop()
Explicit Wait:
由于是模拟用户操作浏览器,浏览器加载需要时间,为确保成功加载完成才继续执行下去,解决方案如下
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get('http://mail.sina.net/login'); el = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("loginfromemail")) print(el.text)
作者:虞大胆
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/3f7c40dbc317