非常感谢各位 TiDBer 在之前 【TiDBer 唠嗑茶话会 48】非正式 TiDB 相关 SQL 脚本征集大赛！( https://asktug.com/t/topic/996635 )里提供的各种常用脚本。
在这篇文章中，我们整理了社区同学提供的一系列 TiDB 相关 SQL 脚本，希望能为大家在 TiDB 的使用过程中提供一些帮助和参考。这些脚本涵盖了常见场景下的 SQL 操作， 欢迎各位 TiDBer 持续补充更新～
未来，我们也将整理更多 TiDB 相关实用指南，帮助大家更好地了解、运用 TiDB，敬请期待！
1 缓存表
贡献者：@ShawnYan
alter table xxx cache|nocache;
2 TSO 时间转换
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
● 方法一：使用函数 TIDB_PARSE_TSO
SELECT TIDB_PARSE_TSO(437447897305317376);
+------------------------------------+
| TIDB_PARSE_TSO(437447897305317376) |
+------------------------------------+
| 2022-11-18 08:28:17.704000 |
+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.25 sec)
● 方法二：使用 pd-ctl
~$ tiup ctl:v6.4.0 pd -i -u http://pdip:2379
Starting component `ctl`: /Users/xxx/.tiup/components/ctl/v6.4.0/ctl pd -i -u http://pdip:2379
» tso 437447897305317376
system: 2022-11-18 08:28:17.704 +0800 CST
logic: 0
3 读取历史数据
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
● 使用 AS OF TIMESTAMP 语法读取历史数据，可以通过以下三种方式使用 AS OF TIMESTAMP 语法：
SELECT … FROM … AS OF TIMESTAMP
START TRANSACTION READ ONLY AS OF TIMESTAMP
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY AS OF TIMESTAMP
select * from t as of timestamp '2021-05-26 16:45:26';
start transaction read only as of timestamp '2021-05-26 16:45:26';
set transaction read only as of timestamp '2021-05-26 16:45:26';
● 通过系统变量 tidb_read_staleness 读取历史数据
从 5 秒前至现在的时间范围内选择一个尽可能新的时间戳
set @@tidb_read_staleness="-5";
● 通过系统变量 tidb_snapshot 读取历史数据
设置一个特殊的环境变量，这个是一个 session scope 的变量，其意义为读取这个时间之前的最新的一个版本
set @@tidb_snapshot="2016-10-08 16:45:26";
清空这个变量后，即可读取最新版本数据
set @@tidb_snapshot=“”;
4 查询 tikv_gc_life_time 和 tikv_gc_safe_point 默认时长
贡献者：@TiDBer_m6V1BalM
select VARIABLE_NAME, VARIABLE_VALUE from mysql.tidb where VARIABLE_NAME like “tikv_gc%”;
5 搜索某个用户的 TopN 慢查询
贡献者：@fanruinet
select query_time,query,user from information_schema.slow_query where is_internal=false -- 排除 TiDB 内部的慢查询 SQL and user = "user1" -- 查找的用户名 order by query_time desc limit 2;
6 统计间隔 5 分钟的数据
贡献者：@forever
SELECT concat(date_format(create_time,‘%Y-%m-%d %H:’),floor(date_format(create_time,‘%i’)/5)),count(*) FROM jcxx GROUP BY 1;
7 反解析 digest 成 SQL 文本
贡献者：@hey-hoho
select tidb_decode_sql_digests(‘[“xxxxx”]’);
8 不涉及分区表用下面的方式查看表的使用情况
贡献者：@xfworld
select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_ROWS, (DATA_LENGTH+INDEX_LENGTH)/1024/1024/1024 as table_size from tables order by table_size desc limit 20;
9 partition 表提供了分区表和非分区表的资源使用情况
贡献者：@xfworld
select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,PARTITION_NAME,TABLE_ROWS, (DATA_LENGTH+INDEX_LENGTH)/1024/1024/1024 as table_size from information_schema.PARTITIONS order by table_size desc limit 20;
10 查询分析器中看配置文件参数
贡献者：@Kongdom
show config
SHOW CONFIG 语句用于展示 TiDB 各个组件当前正在应用的配置，请注意，配置与系统变量作用于不同维度，请不要混淆，如果希望获取系统变量信息，请使用 SHOW VARIABLES ( https://docs.pingcap.com/zh/tidb/stable/sql-statement-show-variables ) 语法。
11 查找读流量排名前 10 的热点 region
贡献者：@BraveChen
SELECT DISTINCT region_id FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tikv_region_status WHERE READ_BYTES > ? ORDER BY READ_BYTES DESC LIMIT 10
12 查看参数和变量的脚本
贡献者：@buddyyuan
#!/bin/bash case $1 in -pd) mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P4000 -p"" -e "SHOW CONFIG WHERE type ='pd' and name like '%$2%'" ;; -tidb) mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P4000 -p"" -e "SHOW CONFIG WHERE type ='tidb' and name like '%$2%'" ;; -tikv) mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P4000 -p"" -e "SHOW CONFIG WHERE type ='tikv' and name like '%$2%'" ;; -tiflash) mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P4000 -p"" -e "SHOW CONFIG WHERE type ='tiflash' and name like '%$2%'" ;; -var) mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P4000 -p"" -e "show variables like '%$2%';" ;; -h) echo "-pd show pd parameters" echo "-tidb show tidb parameters" echo "-tikv show tikv parameters" echo "-tiflash show tiflash parameters" echo "-var show itidb variables" ;; esac
还能用 grep 在过滤一次
[root@vm172-16-201-125 ~]# sh showparammeter.sh -tikv memory-pool-quota | grep -i "210:29160" tikv 192.16.201.210:29160 server.grpc-memory-pool-quota 9223372036854775807B
13 查找重复记录
贡献者：@ealam_ 小羽
select * from 表 where 重复字段 in ( select 重复字段 from 表 group by 重复字段 having count(*)>1 )
14 查询耗时最高的慢 sql
贡献者：@caiyfc
select query sql_text, sum_query_time, mnt as executions, avg_query_time, avg_proc_time, avg_wait_time, max_query_time, avg_backoff_time, Cop_proc_addr, digest, (case when avg_proc_time = 0 then 'point_get or commit' when (avg_proc_time > avg_wait_time and avg_proc_time > avg_backoff_time) then 'coprocessor_process' when (avg_backoff_time > avg_wait_time and avg_proc_time < avg_backoff_time) then 'backoff' else 'coprocessor_wait' end) as type from (select substr(query, 1, 100) query, count(*) mnt, avg(query_time) avg_query_time, avg(process_time) avg_proc_time, avg(wait_time) avg_wait_time, max(query_time) max_query_time, sum(query_time) sum_query_time, digest, Cop_proc_addr, avg(backoff_time) avg_backoff_time from information_schema.cluster_slow_query where time >= '2022-07-14 17:00:00' and time <= '2022-07-15 17:10:00' and DB = 'web' group by substr(query, 1, 100)) t order by max_query_time desc limit 20;
15 日常维护用的最多的 SQL
贡献者：@tracy0984
select * from information_schema.cluster_processlist; – kill id;
16 恢复数据（适用于 drop 与 truncate）
贡献者：@凌云 Cloud
FLASHBACK TABLE target_table_name[TO new_table_name]
17 批量修改库名
贡献者：@TiDBer_dog
./bat_rename.sh lihongbao/ dev2_kelun dev2_sinodemo 路径./leo_backup
18 高并发的场景下获取 sql
贡献者：@jiawei
select * from information_schema.processlist where info is not null
19 查看 schema 下的表都有哪些
贡献者：@Ming
show tables in schema;
20 查看表 leader
贡献者：@TiDBer_wTKU9jv6
select count(1),tss.ADDRESS from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TIKV_REGION_PEERS trp,INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TIKV_REGION_STATUS trs,INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TIKV_STORE_STATUS tss where trp.STORE_ID=tss.STORE_ID and trp.REGION_ID=trs.REGION_ID and trs.DB_NAME=‘test’ and trs.TABLE_NAME=‘test’ and trp.IS_LEADER=1 group by tss.ADDRESS order by tss.ADDRESS;
21 shell 的调皮加速脚本
贡献者：@gcworkerishungry
alias ctidb=“mysql -u root -ptidb -Dcktest -h S001 -P4000” alias dtidb=“tiup cluster display tidb-test” alias etidb=“tiup cluster edit-config tidb-test” alias ptidb=“tiup cluster prune tidb-test” alias rtidb=“tiup cluster restart tidb-test”
22 恢复数据到新的数据库
贡献者：@TiDBer_ 徐川
./loader -h 192.168.180.3 -u root -p q1w2 -P 4000 -t 32 -d leo_backup/
23 开启 tiflash
贡献者：@TiDBer_pFFcXLgY
alter table xxx set tiflash replica 1
24 表 region 分布语句
贡献者：@秋枫之舞
select trs.db_name, trs.table_name, trs.index_name, trp.store_id, count(*), sum(approximate_keys) from information_schema.tikv_region_status trs, information_schema.tikv_store_status tss, information_schema.tikv_region_peers trp where trs.db_name = ‘prd01’ and trs.table_name = ‘tab_name’ and trp.is_leader = 1 and trp.store_id = tss.store_id and trs.region_id = trp.region_id group by trs.db_name, trs.table_name, trs.index_name, trp.store_id order by trs.index_name;
25 查看列的元数据
贡献者：@张雨齐0720
show stats_histograms where db_name like ‘test’ and table_name like ‘test1’ ;
26 表的存储位置（store、peer 信息）
贡献者：@bert
SELECT distinct a.TIDB_TABLE_ID, b.DB_NAME, b.TABLE_NAME, b.REGION_ID, b.APPROXIMATE_SIZE , c.PEER_ID, c.STORE_ID, c.IS_LEADER, c.STATUS, d.ADDRESS , d.STORE_STATE_NAME, d.VERSION, d.CAPACITY, d.AVAILABLE, d.LABEL FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES a INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TIKV_REGION_STATUS b INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TIKV_REGION_PEERS c INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TIKV_STORE_STATUS d WHERE a.TIDB_TABLE_ID = b.TABLE_ID AND b.REGION_ID = c.REGION_ID AND c.STORE_ID = d.STORE_ID AND a.TABLE_SCHEMA = ‘test’ AND a.TABLE_NAME = ‘t’;
27 将集群升级到指定版本 ( 在线升级 )
贡献者：@TiDBer_ 杨龟干外公
tiup cluster upgrade
例如升级到 v4.0.0 版本：
tiup cluster upgrade tidb-test v4.0.0
28 查询表大小
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
SELECT t.TABLE\_NAME, t.TABLE\_ROWS, t.TABLE\_TYPE, round(t.DATA\_LENGTH/1024/1024/1024,2) data\_GB, round(t.INDEX\_LENGTH/1024/1024/1024,2) index\_GB, t.CREATE\_OPTIONS, t.TABLE\_COMMENT FROM INFORMATION\_SCHEMA.`TABLES` t WHERE table\_schema = 'test' and t.table\_type='BASE TABLE' order by t.TABLE\_ROWS desc; SELECT CONCAT(table\_schema,'.',table\_name) AS 'Table Name', table\_rows AS 'Number of Rows', CONCAT(ROUND(data\_length/(1024*1024*1024),4),'G') AS 'Data Size', CONCAT(ROUND(index\_length/(1024*1024*1024),4),'G') AS 'Index Size', CONCAT(ROUND((data\_length+index\_length)/(1024*1024*1024),4),'G') AS'Total' FROM information\_schema.TABLES WHERE table\_schema LIKE 'test';
29 统计信息
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
● 查看表的元数据
show stats_meta where db_name like '%sbtest%';
● 查看表的健康状态
show stats\_healthy;
Healthy 字段，一般小于等于 60 的表需要做 analyze
show stats\_healthy where table\_name ='xxx'; show stats\_healthy where db\_name='' and table\_name='orders'; _name like ‘sbtest’ and table_name like ‘sbtest1’ ;
● 查看直方图信息
show stats\_buckets where db\_name='' and table\_name='';
● 查看 analyze 状态
show analyze status;
● 分析表、分区
analyze table sbtest1; ANALYZE TABLE xxx PARTITION P202204;
30 执行计划
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
绑定执行计划
● 默认是 session 级别
create binding for select \* from t using select \* from t use index() create binding for SELECT \* FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.t1\_id WHERE t1.int\_col = ? using SELECT /\*+ INL\_JOIN(t1, t2) \*/ \* FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.t1\_id WHERE t1.int\_col = ?; explain SELECT \* FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.t1\_id WHERE t1.int\_col = 1; show bindings for SELECT \* FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.t1\_id WHERE t1.int\_col = 1; show global bindings; show session bindings; SELECT @@SESSION.last\_plan\_from\_binding;
● 使用 explain format = ‘verbose’ 语句查看 SQL 的执行计划
explain format = 'verbose'; drop binding for sql;
31 查看 regions
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
SHOW TABLE t\_its\_unload\_priority\_intermediate\_info regions; SHOW TABLE t\_its\_unload\_priority\_intermediate\_info INDEX IDX\_UPII\_GROUP\_BY\_COMPOSITE regions;
32 统计读写热点表
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
use INFORMATION\_SCHEMA; SELECT db\_name, table\_name, index\_name, type, sum( flow\_bytes ), count( 1 ), group\_concat( h.region\_id ), count( DISTINCT p.store\_id ), group\_concat( p.store\_id ) FROM INFORMATION\_SCHEMA.tidb\_hot\_regions h JOIN INFORMATION\_SCHEMA.tikv\_region\_peers p ON h.region\_id = p.region\_id AND p.is\_leader = 1 GROUP BY db\_name, table\_name, index\_name, type; SELECT p.store\_id, sum(flow\_bytes ), count(1) FROM INFORMATION\_SCHEMA.tidb\_hot\_regions h JOIN INFORMATION\_SCHEMA.tikv\_region\_peers p ON h.region\_id = p.region\_id AND p.is\_leader = 1 GROUP BY p.store\_id ORDER BY 2 DESC; select tidb\_decode\_plan();
33 TiFlash
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
ALTER TABLE t\_test\_time\_type SET TIFLASH REPLICA 1; SELECT \* FROM information\_schema.tiflash\_replica; select \* from information\_schema.CLUSTER\_HARDWARE where type='tiflash' and DEVICE\_TYPE='disk' and name='path';
34 admin 命令
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
admin show ddl jobs; ADMIN CHECK TABLE t_test; admin show slow ADMIN SHOW TELEMETRY;
35 修改隔离参数
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
● session 级别修改
Engine 隔离：默认：[“tikv”, “tidb”, “tiflash”] 由于 TiDB Dashboard 等组件需要读取一些存储于 TiDB 内存表区的系统表，因此建议实例级别 engine 配置中始终加入 “tidb” engine。
set session tidb\_isolation\_read\_engines = 'tiflash,tidb'; set @@session.tidb\_isolation\_read\_engines = "tiflash,tidb";
● 手工 Hint
select /\*+ read\_from\_storage(tiflash\[table\_name]) */ ... from table\_name; select /*+ read\_from\_storage(tiflash\[alias\_a,alias\_b]) \*/ ... from table\_name\_1 as alias\_a, table\_name\_2 as alias\_b where alias\_a.column\_1 = alias\_b.column\_2; set @@tidb\_allow\_mpp=1; show config where name like '%oom%' and type='tidb'; admin show ddl;
36 排错-查看日志
贡献者：@我是咖啡哥
SELECT \* FROM INFORMATION\_SCHEMA.CLUSTER\_LOG t
WHERE time > '2022-08-09 00:00:00' AND time < '2022-08-10 00:00:00'
AND TYPE in ('tikv')
AND `LEVEL` = 'ERROR'
ORDER BY time desc;37 查询所有节点所在 OS 的 CPU 当前使用率
贡献者：@人如其名
SELECT b.time, a.hostname, a.ip, a.types, b.cpu_used_percent FROM ( SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(TYPE) AS TYPES, SUBSTRING_INDEX(instance, ':', 1) AS ip, value AS hostname FROM information_schema.cluster_systeminfo WHERE name = 'kernel.hostname' GROUP BY ip, hostname ) a, ( SELECT time, SUBSTRING_INDEX(instance, ':', 1) AS ip, (100 - value) AS cpu_used_percent FROM metrics_schema.node_cpu_usage WHERE MODE = 'idle' AND time = NOW() ) b WHERE a.ip = b.ip
输出示例：
+----------------------------+-----------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| time | hostname | ip | types | cpu_used_percent |
+----------------------------+-----------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| 2023-01-10 22:40:15.000000 | localhost.localdomain | 192.168.31.201 | tidb,pd,tikv,tiflash | 11.438079153798114 |
+----------------------------+-----------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
说明：我这里所有类型组件只创建了有一个而且都在一个 os 上，所以只显示了一行。
38 清理 tidb 大量数据的脚本，实现删除百万级别以上的数据，而且不影响 tidb 正常使用
贡献者：@xingzhenxiang
date1=`date --date "7 days ago" +"%Y-%m-%d"`
delete_db_sql=“delete from mysql_table where create_date_time<‘$date1’ limit 10000”
i=0
while ((++i)); do
a=`/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -A mysql_database -h127.0.0.1 --comments -e "${delete_db_sql}" -vvv|grep "Query OK" |awk '{print $3}'`
if(($a<1)); then
break 1
fi
sleep 1
printf “%-4d” $((i))
感谢以上 TiDBer 们贡献的 SQL 脚本～记得点赞收藏，可以随时在你的个人收藏夹里查看到~
随时随地看视频
