作为爬虫我们都知道cookie某些网站为了辨别用户身份、进行session跟踪而储存在用户本地终端上的数据。比如说有些网站需要登录后才能访问某个页面，在登录之前你想抓取某个页面内容是不允许的。这时我们就需要通过存登录去获取Cookie，然后再抓取页面，这样才能达到我们的目的。爬虫程序里面有很多语言都可以用来保存cookie模拟登陆信息，比如Selenium登录生成Cookie，以下简单的分享下这个cookie的获取例子。
import os
import time
import zipfile
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
class GenCookies(object):
# 随机useragent
USER_AGENT = open('useragents.txt').readlines()
# 代理服务器(产品官网 www.16yun.cn)
PROXY_HOST = 't.16yun.cn' # proxy or host
PROXY_PORT = 31111 # port
PROXY_USER = 'USERNAME' # username
PROXY_PASS = 'PASSWORD' # password
@classmethod
def get_chromedriver(cls, use_proxy=False, user_agent=None):
manifest_json = """
{
"version": "1.0.0",
"manifest_version": 2,
"name": "Chrome Proxy",
"permissions": [
"proxy",
"tabs",
"unlimitedStorage",
"storage",
"<all_urls>",
"webRequest",
"webRequestBlocking"
],
"background": {
"scripts": ["background.js"]
},
"minimum_chrome_version":"22.0.0"
}
"""
background_js = """
var config = {
mode: "fixed_servers",
rules: {
singleProxy: {
scheme: "http",
host: "%s",
port: parseInt(%s)
},
bypassList: ["localhost"]
}
};
chrome.proxy.settings.set({value: config, scope: "regular"}, function() {});
function callbackFn(details) {
return {
authCredentials: {
username: "%s",
password: "%s"
}
};
}
chrome.webRequest.onAuthRequired.addListener(
callbackFn,
{urls: ["<all_urls>"]},
['blocking']
);
""" % (cls.PROXY_HOST, cls.PROXY_PORT, cls.PROXY_USER, cls.PROXY_PASS)
path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 关闭webdriver的一些标志
# chrome_options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
if use_proxy:
pluginfile = 'proxy_auth_plugin.zip'
with zipfile.ZipFile(pluginfile, 'w') as zp:
zp.writestr("manifest.json", manifest_json)
zp.writestr("background.js", background_js)
chrome_options.add_extension(pluginfile)
if user_agent:
chrome_options.add_argument('--user-agent=%s' % user_agent)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(
os.path.join(path, 'chromedriver'),
chrome_options=chrome_options)
# 修改webdriver get属性
# script = '''
# Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
# get: () => undefined
# })
# '''
# driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {"source": script})
return driver
def __init__(self, username, password):
# 登录example网站
self.url = 'https://passport.example.cn/signin/login?entry=example&r=https://m.example.cn/'
self.browser = self.get_chromedriver(use_proxy=True, user_agent=self.USER_AGENT)
self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 20)
self.username = username
self.password = password
def open(self):
"""
打开网页输入用户名密码并点击
:return: None
"""
self.browser.delete_all_cookies()
self.browser.get(self.url)
username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'loginName')))
password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'loginPassword')))
submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction')))
username.send_keys(self.username)
password.send_keys(self.password)
time.sleep(1)
submit.click()
def password_error(self):
"""
判断是否密码错误
:return:
"""
try:
return WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(
EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.ID, 'errorMsg'), '用户名或密码错误'))
except TimeoutException:
return False
def get_cookies(self):
"""
获取Cookies
:return:
"""
return self.browser.get_cookies()
def main(self):
"""
入口
:return:
"""
self.open()
if self.password_error():
return {
'status': 2,
'content': '用户名或密码错误'
}
cookies = self.get_cookies()
return {
'status': 1,
'content': cookies
}
if __name__ == '__main__':
result = GenCookies(
username='180000000',
password='16yun',
).main()
print(result)
cookie的获取方式也是有很多的，这里先分享其中一种，掌握多种方式也可以让我们的工作提高效率。
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