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专车介绍
该趟专车是开往Spring Boot请求处理源码分析专车，主要用来分析Spring Boot是如何将我们的请求路由到指定的控制器方法以及调用执行。
专车问题
- 为什么我们在控制器中添加一个方法，使用@RequestMapping注解标注，指定一个路径，就可以用来处理一个web请求？
- 如果多个方法的请求路径一致，Spring Boot是如何处理的？
专车示例
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/persons")
public class PersonController {
private static List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
static {
personList.add(new Person(10001, "test1"));
personList.add(new Person(10002, "test2"));
personList.add(new Person(10003, "test3"));
personList.add(new Person(10004, "test4"));
personList.add(new Person(10005, "test5"));
}
@GetMapping("/")
public List<Person> list() {
return personList;
}
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Person get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
Person defaultPerson = new Person(88888, "default");
return personList.stream().filter(person -> Objects.equals(person.getId(), id)).findFirst().orElse(defaultPerson);
}
@PostMapping("/")
public void add(@RequestBody Person person) {
personList.add(person);
}
@PutMapping("/")
public void update(@RequestBody Person person) {
personList.removeIf(p -> Objects.equals(p.getId(), person.getId()));
personList.add(person);
}
}
示例代码提供了GET、POST、PUT请求，接下里我们会结合示例进行源码分析
专车分析
此次分析主要从2个大的方面进行分析：请求初始化、请求处理
请求初始化
请求流程
一次完成的请求流程就是请求—>处理—>响应，业务逻辑处理最终交由我们创建的Servlet来进行处理。以前在使用Spring MVC框架的时候，我们都会在web.xml中配置一个DispathcherServlet。接下来就让我们来看看DispathcherServlet的类图 
从如上图可以清晰的看到DispatcherServlet的继承关系。其中一个名为HttpServlet的类，如果写过Servlet的应该都比较的熟悉，以往基于Servlet开发，都会创建一个Servlet实现类，继承HttpServlet并重写service方法，最后在web.xml中配置我们我们创建的Servlet实现类，这样我们就可以使用创建的Servlet实现类来处理我们的web请求了。
HttpServlet初始化
在我们第一次请求的时候会进行Servlet的初始化，主要用来初始化资源。HttpServlet的init方法由父类GenericServlet声明，由子类HttpServletBean实现。
初始化方法：HttpServletBean#init
@Override
public final void init() throws ServletException {
// ...省略部分代码
// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
// 暴露出去一个方法，可以让子类初始化一些自己想要初始化的内容
initServletBean();
}
创建WebApplicationContext：FrameworkServlet#initServletBean
@Override
protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
// ...省略部分代码
try {
// 初始化WebApplicationContext对象
this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
// 空实现
initFrameworkServlet();
}
// ...省略部分代码
}
初始化WebApplicationContext对象：FrameworkServlet#initWebApplicationContext
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
// 获取WebApplicationContext对象
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
// ... 省略部分代码
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
// 刷新资源
onRefresh(wac);
}
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}
刷新资源：DispatcherServlet#onRefresh
@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
initStrategies(context);
}
初始化策略：DispatcherServlet#initStrategies
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
// 初始化多文件解析器
initMultipartResolver(context);
// 初始化本地化解析器
initLocaleResolver(context);
// 初始化主题解析器
initThemeResolver(context);
// 初始化HandlerMapping
initHandlerMappings(context);
// 初始化HandlerAdapter
initHandlerAdapters(context);
// 初始化异常解析器
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
// 初始化请求到视图名称翻译器
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
// 初始化视图解析器
initViewResolvers(context);
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
来看一下初始化HandlerMapping实现：DispatcherServlet#initHandlerMappings
private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
this.handlerMappings = null;
if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
// 从IOC容器中获取类型为HandlerMapping的bean
// 对应的bean有RequestMappingHandlerMapping、SimpleUrlHandlerMapping、WelcomePageHandlerMapping
Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
// 对HandlerMapping进行排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
}
}
}
通过对初始化HandlerMapping实现的分析，我们可以得出，所有的初始化操作就是从IOC容器中获取相应类型的Bean，然后进行属性赋值。
既然能从IOC容器中获取到HandlerMapping bean，那么一定存在定义bean 的地方。打开WebMvcAutoConfiguration类，可以看到如下代码
/**
* Configuration equivalent to {@code @EnableWebMvc}.
* 此配置等同于使用@EnableWebMvc注解
*/
@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
private final WebMvcProperties mvcProperties;
private final ListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
private final WebMvcRegistrations mvcRegistrations;
public EnableWebMvcConfiguration(
ObjectProvider<WebMvcProperties> mvcPropertiesProvider,
ObjectProvider<WebMvcRegistrations> mvcRegistrationsProvider,
ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
this.mvcProperties = mvcPropertiesProvider.getIfAvailable();
this.mvcRegistrations = mvcRegistrationsProvider.getIfUnique();
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
// 声明RequestMappingHandlerAdapter bean
@Bean
@Override
public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter adapter = super.requestMappingHandlerAdapter();
adapter.setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect(this.mvcProperties == null
|| this.mvcProperties.isIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect());
return adapter;
}
// 声明RequestMappingHandlerMapping bean
@Bean
@Primary
@Override
public RequestMappingHandlerMapping requestMappingHandlerMapping() {
// Must be @Primary for MvcUriComponentsBuilder to work
return super.requestMappingHandlerMapping();
}
}
在如上代码中可以看到HandlerAdapter和HandlerMapping bean的声明
创建RequestMappingHandlerMapping
@Bean
public RequestMappingHandlerMapping requestMappingHandlerMapping() {
// 创建RequestMappingHandlerMapping对象
RequestMappingHandlerMapping mapping = createRequestMappingHandlerMapping();
// 设置属性
mapping.setOrder(0);
// 设置拦截器
mapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors());
mapping.setContentNegotiationManager(mvcContentNegotiationManager());
mapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());
// ...省略部分代码
return mapping;
}
可以看到除了创建RequestMappingHandlerMapping对象，其它的都是设置属性信息，接下来重点分析创建对象部分的代码
WebMvcConfigurationSupport#createRequestMappingHandlerMapping
protected RequestMappingHandlerMapping createRequestMappingHandlerMapping() {
return new RequestMappingHandlerMapping();
}
可以创建RequestMappingHandlerMapping对象的代码很简单，就是调用了无参数构造进行初始化。但是通过查看RequestMappingHandlerMapping的继承关系，我们可以看到该类实现了InitializingBean接口，这也就告诉我们当看到很简单的代码的时候，我们就要看看类的继承关系，来看看是否使用其他形式进行逻辑实现。
既然实现了InitializingBean接口，那就看看创建bean后的初始化方法afterPropertiesSet
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
this.config = new RequestMappingInfo.BuilderConfiguration();
this.config.setUrlPathHelper(getUrlPathHelper());
this.config.setPathMatcher(getPathMatcher());
this.config.setSuffixPatternMatch(this.useSuffixPatternMatch);
this.config.setTrailingSlashMatch(this.useTrailingSlashMatch);
this.config.setRegisteredSuffixPatternMatch(this.useRegisteredSuffixPatternMatch);
this.config.setContentNegotiationManager(getContentNegotiationManager());
// 调用父类的初始化方法
super.afterPropertiesSet();
}
@Override
**public** **void** **afterPropertiesSet**() {
// 初始化处理方法
initHandlerMethods();
}
初始化处理方法：AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#initHandlerMethods
protected void initHandlerMethods() {
// 获取并遍历候选bean名称，候选bean就是从IOC容器中获取类型为Object的bean名称，也就是所有的Bean名称
for (String beanName : getCandidateBeanNames()) {
// 如果bean的名称不以“scopedTarget.”开头，才进行处理
if (!beanName.startsWith(SCOPED_TARGET_NAME_PREFIX)) {
// 处理候选bean名称
processCandidateBean(beanName);
}
}
handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods());
}
处理候选bean名称：AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#processCandidateBean
protected void processCandidateBean(String beanName) {
Class<?> beanType = null;
try {
// 根据bean的名称获取对应bean的类型
beanType = obtainApplicationContext().getType(beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// An unresolvable bean type, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Could not resolve type for bean '" + beanName + "'", ex);
}
}
// 如果bean的类型不为空并且对应类上含有@Controller注解或者@RequestMapping注解
if (beanType != null && isHandler(beanType)) {
// 推断处理方法
detectHandlerMethods(beanName);
}
}
推断处理方法：AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#detectHandlerMethods
protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) {
// 根据bean名称获取类型
Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ?
obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass());
if (handlerType != null) {
Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);
// 获取处理方法
Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType,
(MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> {
try {
// selectMethods方法获取当前类中所有的方法，针对PersonController类就有list、get、add、update四个方法，遍历这四个方法，分别创建对应的RequestMappingInfo对象
// 根据method获取RequestMappingInfo对象
return getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
}
});
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(formatMappings(userType, methods));
}
methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {
Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);
registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);
});
}
}
根据method获取RequestMappingInfo对象：RequestMappingHandlerMapping#getMappingForMethod
@Override
@Nullable
protected RequestMappingInfo getMappingForMethod(Method method, Class<?> handlerType) {
// 根据method对象创建RequestMappingInfo对象
RequestMappingInfo info = createRequestMappingInfo(method);
if (info != null) {
// 如果当前方法所在的类也含有@RequestMapping对象，那么也创建一个RequestMappingInfo对象
RequestMappingInfo typeInfo = createRequestMappingInfo(handlerType);
if (typeInfo != null) {
// 将两个RequestMappingInfo对象进行合并，比如我们PersonController上指定@RequestMapping("/persons")，针对list方法，list方法上指定@RequestMapping("/")，那么合并后的映射路径就是/persons/
info = typeInfo.combine(info);
}
String prefix = getPathPrefix(handlerType);
if (prefix != null) {
info = RequestMappingInfo.paths(prefix).build().combine(info);
}
}
// 返回RequestMappingInfo对象
return info;
}
回到推断处理方法中：AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#detectHandlerMethods
protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) {
// 根据bean名称获取类型
Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ?
obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass());
if (handlerType != null) {
Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);
// 获取处理方法，每个方法都有对应的RequestMappingInfo对象
Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType,
(MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> {
try {
// selectMethods方法中当前类中所有的方法，针对PersonController类就有list、get、add、update四个方法，遍历这四个方法，分别创建对应的RequestMappingInfo对象
// 根据method获取RequestMappingInfo对象
return getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
}
});
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(formatMappings(userType, methods));
}
// 遍历处理方法
methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {
// 获取可以执行的method对象
Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);
// 注册处理方法
registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);
});
}
}
注册处理方法：AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.MappingRegistry#register
public void register(T mapping, Object handler, Method method) {
// 加写锁，加锁是因为我们可以在代码中手动注册处理方法，为了防止并发问题，此处需要加锁处理
this.readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
try {
// 创建HandlerMethod对象
HandlerMethod handlerMethod = createHandlerMethod(handler, method);
assertUniqueMethodMapping(handlerMethod, mapping);
// 将RequestMappingInfo对象和HandlerMethod对象添加到map集合中
this.mappingLookup.put(mapping, handlerMethod);
List<String> directUrls = getDirectUrls(mapping);
for (String url : directUrls) {
// 将url和RequestMappingInfo对象添加到map集合中
this.urlLookup.add(url, mapping);
}
String name = null;
if (getNamingStrategy() != null) {
name = getNamingStrategy().getName(handlerMethod, mapping);
addMappingName(name, handlerMethod);
}
CorsConfiguration corsConfig = initCorsConfiguration(handler, method, mapping);
if (corsConfig != null) {
this.corsLookup.put(handlerMethod, corsConfig);
}
// 将RequestMappingInfo和MappingRegistration对象添加到map集合中
this.registry.put(mapping, new MappingRegistration<>(mapping, handlerMethod, directUrls, name));
}
finally {
// 释放锁
this.readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
所有方法遍历完成后的结果如下：
到此RequestMappingHandlerMapping对象创建初始化就结束了
RequestMappingHandlerMapping对象创建总结
- 调用afterPropertiesSet初始化方法
- 获取所有的bean名称
- 遍历所有的bean名称，如果bean名称不是以”scopedTarget.“开头就继续处理
- 根据bean名称获取bean类型，获取对应的类型上是否含有@Controller注解或@RequestMapping注解，如果有就继续处理
- 获取当前类中所有的方法，遍历所有的方法
- 根据Method对象生成RequestMappingInfo对象，如果类上也很有@RequestMapping注解，那么也生成RequestMappingInfo对象，将这两个RequestMappingInfo对象进行合并
- 遍历Method、RequestMappingInfo对应的map集合并注册到对应的mappingLookup、urlLookup、registry集合中
创建RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
创建RequestMappingHandlerAdapter：WebMvcAutoConfiguration.EnableWebMvcConfiguration#requestMappingHandlerAdapter
@Bean
@Override
public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
// 调用父类创建RequestMappingHandlerAdapter对象
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter adapter = super.requestMappingHandlerAdapter();
// ...省略部分代码
return adapter;
}
调用父类创建RequestMappingHandlerAdapter：WebMvcConfigurationSupport#requestMappingHandlerAdapter
@Bean
public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
// 创建RequestMappingHandlerAdapter对象
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter adapter = createRequestMappingHandlerAdapter();
// 省略部分代码
return adapter;
}
请求处理
请求处理流程
- 遍历所有的HandlerMapping对象，找到匹配当前请求对应的HandlerMethod
- 将HandlerMethod包装成HandlerExecutionChain对象
- 根据HandlerMethod找到HandlerAdapter
- HandlerAdapter执行HandlerMethod
匹配HandlerMethod并包装成HandlerExecutionChain对象
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
// 匹配HandlerMethod并包装成HandlerExecutionChain对象
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
}
获取HandlerExecutionChain对象：DispatcherServlet#getHandler
@Nullable
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
// 遍历所有的HandlerMapping
for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
// 根据HandlerMapping获取HandlerExecutionChain对象，此处的HandlerMapping就是上面分析过的RequestMappingHandlerMapping对象
HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
// 如果获取到HandlerExecutionChain对象，那么直接将HandlerExecutionChain对象返回
if (handler != null) {
return handler;
}
}
}
return null;
}
根据HandlerMapping获取HandlerExecutionChain对象：AbstractHandlerMapping#getHandler
@Override
@Nullable
public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
// 获取HandlerMethod对象
Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
// ...省略部分代码
HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
// ...省略部分代码
return executionChain;
}
获取HandlerMethod对象
@Override
protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
// 获取请求的路径，假设此处请求的路径为/persons/
String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);
// 加锁
this.mappingRegistry.acquireReadLock();
try {
// 寻找HandlerMethod对象
HandlerMethod handlerMethod = lookupHandlerMethod(lookupPath, request);
// 获取HandlerMethod所在类对应的bean，然后创建HandlerMethod对象
return (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.createWithResolvedBean() : null);
}
finally {
// 释放锁
this.mappingRegistry.releaseReadLock();
}
}
寻找HandlerMethod对象：AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#lookupHandlerMethod
在该方法之前再看一下上文中对RequestMappingHandlerMapping分析的结果 
@Nullable
protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
List<Match> matches = new ArrayList<>();
// 从urlLookup属性中找到当前请求路径对应的RequestMappingInfo信息
// 假设请求的路径为/persons/，那么此处得到的结果有3个
List<T> directPathMatches = this.mappingRegistry.getMappingsByUrl(lookupPath);
if (directPathMatches != null) {
// 寻找最匹配的RequestMappingInfo
// 匹配的方式包括：请求方法、请求header、请求参数等
addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request);
}
if (matches.isEmpty()) {
// No choice but to go through all mappings...
addMatchingMappings(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), matches, request);
}
if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
Comparator<Match> comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request));
matches.sort(comparator);
Match bestMatch = matches.get(0);
if (matches.size() > 1) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(matches.size() + " matching mappings: " + matches);
}
if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
return PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH;
}
Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1);
// 如果存在多个匹配结果，就报错
if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) {
Method m1 = bestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
Method m2 = secondBestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
String uri = request.getRequestURI();
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Ambiguous handler methods mapped for '" + uri + "': {" + m1 + ", " + m2 + "}");
}
}
request.setAttribute(BEST_MATCHING_HANDLER_ATTRIBUTE, bestMatch.handlerMethod);
handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request);
// 返回匹配的HandlerMethod
return bestMatch.handlerMethod;
}
else {
return handleNoMatch(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), lookupPath, request);
}
}
获取HandlerAdapter
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
}
获取HandlerAdapter：DispatcherServlet#getHandlerAdapter
protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
for (HandlerAdapter adapter : this.handlerAdapters) {
// 如果当前HandlerAdapter支持当前要处理的HnadlerMethod，那么就返回此HandlerAdapter
if (adapter.supports(handler)) {
return adapter;
}
}
}
throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler +
"]: The DispatcherServlet configuration needs to include a HandlerAdapter that supports this handler");
}
匹配方法：此处拿RequestMappingHandlerAdapter举例，调用AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter#supports
public final boolean supports(Object handler) {
// 如果当前的hander是HandlerMethod，则返回true；后一个表达式直接返回的就是true
return (handler instanceof HandlerMethod && supportsInternal((HandlerMethod) handler));
}
从如上分析可以得出的结论就是最终返回的HandlerAdapter为RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
HandlerAdapter执行HandlerMethod
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
}
处理目标方法：RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#handleInternal
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav;
checkRequest(request);
// Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.
if (this.synchronizeOnSession) {
// ...省略部分代码
}
else {
// No synchronization on session demanded at all...
// 调用HandlerMethod方法
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
}
// ...省略部分代码
return mav;
}
调用HandlerMethod方法：RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#invokeHandlerMethod
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);
// 创建ServletInvocableHandlerMethod对象，就是把handlerMethod对象的属性赋值给ServletInvocableHandlerMethod对象的属性
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
// ...省略部分代码
// 调用方法并处理返回值
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return null;
}
return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
}
finally {
webRequest.requestCompleted();
}
}
调用方法并处理返回值：ServletInvocableHandlerMethod#invokeAndHandle
public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest,
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
// 执行请求，获取返回值
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
setResponseStatus(webRequest);
// ...省略部分代码
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);
Assert.state(this.returnValueHandlers != null, "No return value handlers");
try {
// 处理返回值
this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
}
}
执行请求：InvocableHandlerMethod#invokeForRequest
@Nullable
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
// 获取方法参数
Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));
}
// 目标方法调用
return doInvoke(args);
}
目标方法调用：InvocableHandlerMethod#doInvoke
@Nullable
protected Object doInvoke(Object... args) throws Exception {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(getBridgedMethod());
try {
// 通过反射执行目标方法
return getBridgedMethod().invoke(getBean(), args);
}
// ...省略部分代码
}
到此请求处理的源码分析就结束了，最终再来看看doDispatch完整的方法：DispatcherServlet#doDispatch
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
// 1、获取handler
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
// 2、获取HandlerAdapter
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
// 执行拦截器的前置方法
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
// 调用目标方法
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
// 执行拦截器的处理方法
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
// 处理结果
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// 执行拦截器的后置方法，常用语释放资源
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// 执行拦截器的后置方法，常用语释放资源
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}
专车总结
一次请求原理如下：
- 请求初始化
- 请求处理
请求初始化
- 初始化RequestMappingHandlerMapping
- 初始化RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
请求处理
- 获取HandlerMethod，组装HandlerExecutionChain对象
- 获取HandlerAdapter
- 使用HandlerAdapter执行HandlerMethod
专车回顾
- 为什么我们在控制器中添加一个方法，使用@RequestMapping注解标注，指定一个路径，就可以用来处理一个web请求？因为在初始化过程中，会将请求路径和处理方法进行绑定，我们在请求ulr的时候，匹配到我们对应的处理方法，然后调用处理方法，就可以执行此次的ewb请求了。
- 如果多个方法的请求路径一致，Spring Boot是如何处理的？如果多个方法的请求路径一致，会拿请求方法、请求参数、请求header等，最终会匹配出最符合的一个处理方法，如果匹配出多个结果，就会报错。
专车遗漏问题
- SpringBoot如何处理请求参数
- SpringBoot如何处理返回结果
- SpringBoot拦截器如何工作
专车扩展
如果是基于微服务开发，那么该如何定义我们的服务？
定义微服务接口：
@RequestMapping("/persons")
public interface PersonApi {
/**
* list
*
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/")
List<Person> list();
/**
* get
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/{id}")
Person get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
/**
* add
*
* @param person
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/")
void add(@RequestBody Person person);
/**
* update
*
* @param person
* @return
*/
@PutMapping("/")
void update(@RequestBody Person person);
}
定义接口实现：
@RestController
public class PersonController implements PersonApi {
private static List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
static {
personList.add(new Person(10001, "test1"));
personList.add(new Person(10002, "test2"));
personList.add(new Person(10003, "test3"));
personList.add(new Person(10004, "test4"));
personList.add(new Person(10005, "test5"));
}
@Override
public List<Person> list() {
return personList;
}
@Override
public Person get(Integer id) {
Person defaultPerson = new Person(88888, "default");
return personList.stream().filter(person -> Objects.equals(person.getId(), id)).findFirst().orElse(defaultPerson);
}
@Override
public void add(Person person) {
personList.add(person);
}
@Override
public void update(Person person) {
personList.removeIf(p -> Objects.equals(p.getId(), person.getId()));
personList.add(person);
}
}
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