继承

借助原型链实现继承

function SuperType(){
    this.property = true;
}

SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function(){
    return this.property;
};

function SubType(){
    this.subproperty = false;
}

//inherit from SuperType
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();

SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function (){
    return this.subproperty;
};

var instance = new SubType();
alert(instance.getSuperValue());   //true

alert(instance instanceof Object);      //true
alert(instance instanceof SuperType);   //true
alert(instance instanceof SubType);     //true

alert(Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance));    //true
alert(SuperType.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance)); //true
alert(SubType.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance));   //true

缺点所有的SubType实例都会共享属性和方法
借助构造函数实现继承

function SuperType(){
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

function SubType(){  
    //inherit from SuperType
    SuperType.call(this);
}

var instance1 = new SubType();
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);    //"red,blue,green,black"

var instance2 = new SubType();
alert(instance2.colors);    //"red,blue,green"

缺点是无法继承方法，优点是构造函数可以传参，且所有实例不是共用属性

组合继承(最常用)
通过原型链实现方法继承，通过构造函数避免属性的共用

 function SuperType(name){
    this.name = name;
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

SuperType.prototype.sayName = function(){
    alert(this.name);
};

function SubType(name, age){  
    SuperType.call(this, name);
    
    this.age = age;
}

SubType.prototype = new SuperType();

SubType.prototype.sayAge = function(){
    alert(this.age);
};

var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);  //"red,blue,green,black"
instance1.sayName();      //"Nicholas";
instance1.sayAge();       //29


var instance2 = new SubType("Greg", 27);
alert(instance2.colors);  //"red,blue,green"
instance2.sayName();      //"Greg";
instance2.sayAge();       //27