
一、Spring Data简介
Spring Data官网:https://spring.io/projects/spring-data
Spring Data是Spring的一个子项目,它是为了简化数据库的操作访问而生的,为开发者提供了统一的,一致性的操作数据库的接口。

Spring Data又包含多个子项目,常用的有:
Spring Date JPA: 目的是为了减少数据层的开发量,提供了操作数据库的接口。
Spring Date MongoDB:为操作MongoDB数据库提供了接口支持,在大数据层用的比较多。
Spring Date Redis:为操作Redis数据库提供了相关的接口支持。
Spring Date Solr:提供对Solr的接口支持。Solr是一个高性能,具有搜索功能 ,对查询性能优化的一个全文搜索引擎。
二、如何使用Spring Data
maven地址:https://mvnrepository.com/search?q=Spring+Data
在项目的pom.xml文件引入如下依赖即可:
(1)JPA:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>2.1.10.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-entitymanager --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>5.4.2.Final</version> </dependency>
(2)MongoDB
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-mongodb --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-mongodb</artifactId> <version>2.1.10.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
(3)Redis
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-redis --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId> <version>2.1.10.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
三、Spring Data提供的相关接口
(1) Repository:
Repository接口是Spring Data的核心接口,它不提供任何方法,是一个空接口。
我们定义的接口 xxxRepository extends Repository,表示此接口纳入spring管理,需按一定规则定义方法。
如果我们不想继承Repository接口,可以通过注解来实现同样的功能,如下:
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = 实体类名.class,idClass=实体类的主键封装类型.class)
Repository接口的源码如下:
package org.springframework.data.repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Indexed;
@Indexed
public interface Repository<T, ID> {
}

(2)CrudRepository:
CrudRepository接口继承Repository,实现了CURD相关的方法 ,具体如图。

(3)JpaRepository
JpaRepository接口继承PagingAndSortingRepository,实现JPA规范相关的方法 ,具体如下:

(4)PagingAndSortingRepository
PagingAndSortingRepository接口继承CrudRepository,实现了分布排序相关方法。
该接口包含分页和排序功能。
带排序的查询:findAll(Sort sort)。
带排序的分页查询:findAll(Pageable pageable)。
CRUDRepository 继承Repository
PagingAndSortingRepository 继承CRUDRepository
JpaRepository 继承PagingAndSortingRepository
意味着只需继承接口JpaRepository, 便有了以上所有接口的功能 。
四、实战应用
1. 项目结构

2. pom.xml文件配置
<dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.11</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hamcrest/hamcrest-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId> <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId> <version>1.3</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>2.1.10.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-entitymanager --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>5.4.2.Final</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
3. db.properties配置:
#数据库配置信息 jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=root
4. beans.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<!-- <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///test"/>-->
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="studentDao" class="com.lhf.spring.dao.StudentDAOSpringJdbcImpl">
<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
</bean>
</beans>5. beans-new.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.8.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"/>
<!--1 配置数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<!--<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///spring_data"/>-->
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--2 配置EntityManagerFactory-->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
</property>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.lhf.spring"/>
<!--配置jpa属性-->
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <!--自动创建表-->
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--3 配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--4 配置支持注解的事务-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!--5 配置spring data-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.lhf.spring" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lhf.spring"/>
</beans>6. EmployeeRepository.java接口
package com.lhf.spring.repository;
import com.lhf.spring.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.RepositoryDefinition;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @ClassName: EmployeeRepository
* @Description:
* @Author: liuhefei
* @Date: 2019/8/11
* @blog: https://www.imooc.com/u/1323320/articles
**/
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
public interface EmployeeRepository { //extends Repository<Employee,Integer>{
public Employee findByName(String name);
/**
* 查询以name开头,小于age的数据
* @param name
* @param age
* @return
*/
public List<Employee> findByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);
/**
* 查询以name结尾,小于age的数据
* @param name
* @param age
* @return
*/
public List<Employee> findByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);
/**
* 查询多个name或小于age的数据
* @param name
* @param age
* @return
*/
public List<Employee> findByNameInOrAgeLessThan(List<String> name, Integer age);
/**
* 查询多个name并且小于age的数据
* @param name
* @param age
* @return
*/
public List<Employee> findByNameInAndAgeLessThan(List<String> name, Integer age);
/**
* 查询id最大的数据
* @return
*/
@Query("select o from Employee o where id=(select max(id) from Employee t1)")
public Employee getEmployeeByMaxId();
/**
* 根据name和age查询所有匹配的数据
* @param name
* @param age
* @return
*/
@Query("select o from Employee o where o.name=?1 and o.age=?2")
public List<Employee> queryParams1(String name, Integer age);
/**
* 根据name或age查询所有匹配的数据
* @param name
* @param age
* @return
*/
@Query("select o from Employee o where o.name=:name or o.age=:age")
public List<Employee> queryParams2(@Param("name") String name, @Param("age") Integer age);
/**
* 根据name进行like查询
* @param name
* @return
*/
@Query("select o from Employee o where o.name like %?1%")
public List<Employee> queryLike1(String name);
@Query("select o from Employee o where o.name like %:name%")
public List<Employee> queryLike2(@Param("name")String name);
/**
* 查询总的记录条数
* @return
*/
@Query("select count(*) from Employee")
public long getCount();
@Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "select count(1) from Employee")
public long getCount1();
/**
* 根据id更新年龄
* @param id
* @param age
*/
@Modifying
@Query("update Employee o set o.age = :age where o.id = :id")
public void update(@Param("id")Integer id, @Param("age")Integer age);
}7. EmployeeCrudRepository.java接口:
package com.lhf.spring.repository;
import com.lhf.spring.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
/**
* @ClassName: EmployeeCrudRepository
* @Description:
* @Author: liuhefei
* @Date: 2019/8/11
* @blog: https://www.imooc.com/u/1323320/articles
**/
public interface EmployeeCrudRepository extends CrudRepository<Employee, Integer> {
}8. EmployeeJpaRepository.java接口
package com.lhf.spring.repository;
import com.lhf.spring.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
/**
* @ClassName: EmployeeJpaRepository
* @Description:
* @Author: liuhefei
* @Date: 2019/8/12
* @blog: https://www.imooc.com/u/1323320/articles
**/
public interface EmployeeJpaRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee, Integer> {
}9. EmployeePagingAndSortingRespsitory.java接口
package com.lhf.spring.repository;
import com.lhf.spring.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
/**
* @ClassName: EmployeePagingAndSortingRespsitory
* @Description: PagingAndSortingRepository支持分页和排序
* @Author: liuhefei
* @Date: 2019/8/11
* @blog: https://www.imooc.com/u/1323320/articles
**/
public interface EmployeePagingAndSortingRespsitory extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Employee, Integer> {
}10. EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutorRepository.java接口
package com.lhf.spring.repository;
import com.lhf.spring.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
/**
* @ClassName: EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutorRepository
* @Description:
* @Author: liuhefei
* @Date: 2019/8/12
* @blog: https://www.imooc.com/u/1323320/articles
**/
public interface EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutorRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee, Integer>,
JpaSpecificationExecutor<Employee> {
}由于篇幅问题,其他相关代码不在展示了,源码见github:
https://github.com/JavaCodeMood/spring-data-study.git
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