Flutter 提供了与 Android 相似的 Paint 和 Canvas 来实现自定义 View,使应用更方便完善。小菜尝试学习和使用自定义 View。
自定义 View 包括 Paint 画笔与 Canvas 画布,两部分缺一不可;两者通过 CustomPainter 衔接使用。需要实现 paint() 绘制方法与 shouldRepaint() 在刷新布局的时是否需要重绘。
class PaintCustom extends CustomPainter { @override void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) { // TODO: implement paint } @override bool shouldRepaint(CustomPainter oldDelegate) { return true; } }
Paint 画笔
Paint 画笔有很多属性,小菜介绍如下常用属性;小菜以一条线和一个圆来测试。一目了然的属性小菜就暂且略过,主要尝试其他属性。
color -> 画笔颜色
strokeWidth -> 画笔粗细
isAntiAlias -> 是否抗锯齿
filterQuality -> 颜色渲染模式质量:高 / 中 / 低
shader -> 着色器,一般用来绘制渐变效果或 ImageShader
strokeCap -> 笔触线帽类型:round / butt / square
笔触类型包括三种,默认为 butt 即从初始点到终止点;square 在初试点与终止点绘制一个方块;round 即在初试点与终止点绘制一个圆角;
canvas.drawLine( Offset(30.0, 30.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 30.0), Paint()); canvas.drawLine( Offset(30.0, 60.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 60.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..isAntiAlias = true); canvas.drawLine( Offset(30.0, 120.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 120.0), Paint() ..strokeWidth = 8.0 ..isAntiAlias = true..strokeCap = StrokeCap.round); canvas.drawLine( Offset(30.0, 90.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 90.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..isAntiAlias = true..strokeCap = StrokeCap.square);
strokeJoin -> 线结合处:锐角 / 圆弧 / 直线
在线的交汇点处,可以设置交叠时样式,包括:锐角,圆弧和直角样式,官方效果更直接。
style -> 画笔样式:填充 / 描边
style 包括两种样式,默认 PaintingStyle.fill 为填充,PaintingStyle.stroke 为描边;用圆来绘制效果更明显;
canvas.drawCircle(Offset(100.0, 200.0), 50.0, Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0); canvas.drawCircle(Offset(260.0, 200.0), 50.0, Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..style = PaintingStyle.stroke);
maskFilter -> 模糊遮照效果
模糊效果包括:nomal 内外模糊;solid 内部填充外边模糊,类似于荧光灯效果;outer 内部透明外边模糊;inner 内部模糊,外边正常;小菜建议大家多尝试效果;
canvas.drawLine(Offset(30.0, 280.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 280.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..strokeCap = StrokeCap.round..maskFilter = MaskFilter.blur(BlurStyle.normal, 3.0)); canvas.drawLine(Offset(30.0, 310.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 310.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..strokeCap = StrokeCap.round..maskFilter = MaskFilter.blur(BlurStyle.outer, 3.0)); canvas.drawLine(Offset(30.0, 340.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 340.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..strokeCap = StrokeCap.round..maskFilter = MaskFilter.blur(BlurStyle.solid, 3.0)); canvas.drawLine(Offset(30.0, 370.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 370.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..strokeCap = StrokeCap.round..maskFilter = MaskFilter.blur(BlurStyle.inner, 3.0));
blendMode -> 颜色混合模式,类型很多
colorFilter -> 颜色渲染模式,一般是矩阵效果来改变
颜色混合与颜色渲染是两个很神奇的属性,可以通过众多模式调整颜色叠加效果,并与背景色衔接,小菜还无法准确的说明其中叠加的原理;
canvas.drawLine(Offset(30.0, 400.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 400.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..blendMode = BlendMode.exclusion..colorFilter = ColorFilter.mode(Colors.white, BlendMode.exclusion)); canvas.drawLine(Offset(30.0, 430.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 430.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..blendMode = BlendMode.exclusion..colorFilter = ColorFilter.mode(Colors.yellow, BlendMode.exclusion)); canvas.drawLine(Offset(30.0, 460.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 460.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..blendMode = BlendMode.exclusion..colorFilter = ColorFilter.mode(Colors.red, BlendMode.exclusion)); canvas.drawLine(Offset(30.0, 490.0), Offset(Screen.width - 30.0, 490.0), Paint()..strokeWidth = 8.0..blendMode = BlendMode.exclusion..colorFilter = ColorFilter.mode(Colors.green, BlendMode.exclusion));
作者:阿策神奇