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在本系列的第一篇中讲过,ARouter 可以通过扫描 dex 文件中 class 的全类名,来加载 compiler 生成的路由类。但这种方式影响性能,并且效率也不高。所以在 ARouter v1.3.0 之后的版本中,加入了自动注册的方式进行路由表的加载,自动注册可以缩短初始化时间,解决应用加固导致无法直接访问 dex 文件从而初始化失败的问题。
那么自动注册到底是什么东东,为什么有这么强大的能力呢?
那么接下来,我们就来分析分析。
预先需要了解的知识点:
自定义 gradle plugin
gradle transform api
使用 asm 实现字节码插桩
arouter-register
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arouter-register 的入口就在 PluginLaunch
public class PluginLaunch implements Plugin<Project> { @Override public void apply(Project project) { def isApp = project.plugins.hasPlugin(AppPlugin) //only application module needs this plugin to generate register code if (isApp) { Logger.make(project) Logger.i('Project enable arouter-register plugin') def android = project.extensions.getByType(AppExtension) def transformImpl = new RegisterTransform(project) //init arouter-auto-register settings ArrayList<ScanSetting> list = new ArrayList<>(3) list.add(new ScanSetting('IRouteRoot')) list.add(new ScanSetting('IInterceptorGroup')) list.add(new ScanSetting('IProviderGroup')) RegisterTransform.registerList = list //register this plugin android.registerTransform(transformImpl) } } }
从上面的代码可知:
只在 application module (一般都是 app module)生成自动注册的代码;
初始化了自动注册的设置,这样自动注册就知道需要注册 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 这三者;
注册 RegisterTransform ,字节码插桩将在 RegisterTransform 中完成;
可以看出,重点就在 RegisterTransform 里面。那我们重点就关注下 RegisterTransform 的代码,这里就贴出 transform 方法的源码了。(关于 Transform 的 InputTypes 和 Scopes 知识点在这就不讲了,如有需要了解的同学可以看 Android 热修复使用Gradle Plugin1.5改造Nuwa插件)
class RegisterTransform extends Transform {@Overridevoid transform(Context context, Collection<TransformInput> inputs , Collection<TransformInput> referencedInputs , TransformOutputProvider outputProvider , boolean isIncremental) throws IOException, TransformException, InterruptedException { Logger.i('Start scan register info in jar file.') long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis() boolean leftSlash = File.separator == '/' inputs.each { TransformInput input -> // 扫描所有的 jar 文件 input.jarInputs.each { JarInput jarInput -> String destName = jarInput.name // rename jar files def hexName = DigestUtils.md5Hex(jarInput.file.absolutePath) if (destName.endsWith(".jar")) { destName = destName.substring(0, destName.length() - 4) } // 输入的 jar 文件 File src = jarInput.file // 输出的 jar 文件 File dest = outputProvider.getContentLocation(destName + "_" + hexName, jarInput.contentTypes, jarInput.scopes, Format.JAR) // 扫描 jar 文件,查找实现 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 接口的类,并且找到 LogisticsCenter 在哪个 jar 文件中 // 不扫描 com.android.support 开头的 jar if (ScanUtil.shouldProcessPreDexJar(src.absolutePath)) { // ScanUtil.scanJar 的代码就不详细展开了,感兴趣的同学可以自己去看下 ScanUtil.scanJar(src, dest) } FileUtils.copyFile(src, dest) } // 扫描所有的 class 文件,查找实现 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 接口的类 // 和扫描 jar 做差不多类似的工作。不同的点就是不用再去找 LogisticsCenter 类 input.directoryInputs.each { DirectoryInput directoryInput -> File dest = outputProvider.getContentLocation(directoryInput.name, directoryInput.contentTypes, directoryInput.scopes, Format.DIRECTORY) String root = directoryInput.file.absolutePath if (!root.endsWith(File.separator)) root += File.separator directoryInput.file.eachFileRecurse { File file -> def path = file.absolutePath.replace(root, '') if (!leftSlash) { path = path.replaceAll("\\\\", "/") } // 只处理 com/alibaba/android/arouter/routes/ 开头的 class if(file.isFile() && ScanUtil.shouldProcessClass(path)){ ScanUtil.scanClass(file) } } // copy to dest FileUtils.copyDirectory(directoryInput.file, dest) } } Logger.i('Scan finish, current cost time ' + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + "ms") // 这里开始字节码插桩操作 if (fileContainsInitClass) { // 遍历之前找的 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup registerList.each { ext -> Logger.i('Insert register code to file ' + fileContainsInitClass.absolutePath) if (ext.classList.isEmpty()) { Logger.e("No class implements found for interface:" + ext.interfaceName) } else { ext.classList.each { Logger.i(it) } // 对 LogisticsCenter.class 做字节码插桩 RegisterCodeGenerator.insertInitCodeTo(ext) } } } Logger.i("Generate code finish, current cost time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + "ms") } }
上面代码的逻辑很清晰,按照之前设置好的 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 这三个接口,然后扫描整个项目的代码,分别找到这三者各自的实现类,然后加入到集合中。最后在 LogisticsCenter 中实现字节码插桩。
我们来详细看下 RegisterCodeGenerator.insertInitCodeTo(ext) 的代码
static void insertInitCodeTo(ScanSetting registerSetting) { if (registerSetting != null && !registerSetting.classList.isEmpty()) { RegisterCodeGenerator processor = new RegisterCodeGenerator(registerSetting) // RegisterTransform.fileContainsInitClass 就是包含了 LogisticsCenter.class 的那个 jar 文件 File file = RegisterTransform.fileContainsInitClass if (file.getName().endsWith('.jar')) // 开始处理 processor.insertInitCodeIntoJarFile(file) } }
插入的操作在 insertInitCodeIntoJarFile 中实现。
private File insertInitCodeIntoJarFile(File jarFile) { if (jarFile) { def optJar = new File(jarFile.getParent(), jarFile.name + ".opt") if (optJar.exists()) optJar.delete() def file = new JarFile(jarFile) Enumeration enumeration = file.entries() JarOutputStream jarOutputStream = new JarOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(optJar)) // 遍历 jar 文件中的 class while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) { JarEntry jarEntry = (JarEntry) enumeration.nextElement() String entryName = jarEntry.getName() ZipEntry zipEntry = new ZipEntry(entryName) InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream(jarEntry) jarOutputStream.putNextEntry(zipEntry) // 如果是 LogisticsCenter.class 的话 if (ScanSetting.GENERATE_TO_CLASS_FILE_NAME == entryName) { Logger.i('Insert init code to class >> ' + entryName) // 插桩操作 def bytes = referHackWhenInit(inputStream) jarOutputStream.write(bytes) } else { jarOutputStream.write(IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream)) } inputStream.close() jarOutputStream.closeEntry() } jarOutputStream.close() file.close() // 把字节码插桩的 jar 替换掉原来旧的 jar 文件 if (jarFile.exists()) { jarFile.delete() } optJar.renameTo(jarFile) } return jarFile }
字节码插桩的代码还在 referHackWhenInit 方法中。
//refer hack class when object initprivate byte[] referHackWhenInit(InputStream inputStream) { ClassReader cr = new ClassReader(inputStream) ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(cr, 0) ClassVisitor cv = new MyClassVisitor(Opcodes.ASM5, cw) cr.accept(cv, ClassReader.EXPAND_FRAMES) return cw.toByteArray() }class MyClassVisitor extends ClassVisitor { MyClassVisitor(int api, ClassVisitor cv) { super(api, cv) } void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature, String superName, String[] interfaces) { super.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces) } @Override MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc, String signature, String[] exceptions) { MethodVisitor mv = super.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions) // 对 loadRouterMap 这个方法进行代码插入 if (name == ScanSetting.GENERATE_TO_METHOD_NAME) { mv = new RouteMethodVisitor(Opcodes.ASM5, mv) } return mv } }class RouteMethodVisitor extends MethodVisitor { RouteMethodVisitor(int api, MethodVisitor mv) { super(api, mv) } @Override void visitInsn(int opcode) { // 插入的代码在 return 之前 if ((opcode >= Opcodes.IRETURN && opcode <= Opcodes.RETURN)) { extension.classList.each { name -> name = name.replaceAll("/", ".") mv.visitLdcInsn(name)//这里的name就是之前扫描出来的 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 实现类名 // 生成 LogisticsCenter.register(name) 代码 mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC , ScanSetting.GENERATE_TO_CLASS_NAME , ScanSetting.REGISTER_METHOD_NAME , "(Ljava/lang/String;)V" , false) } } super.visitInsn(opcode) } @Override void visitMaxs(int maxStack, int maxLocals) { super.visitMaxs(maxStack + 4, maxLocals) } }
最终,生成的代码会像下面所示:
private static void loadRouterMap() { registerByPlugin = false; //auto generate register code by gradle plugin: arouter-auto-register // looks like below: register("com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$app"); register("com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Interceptors$$app"); register("com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Group$$arouter"); }
那么顺便来跟踪一下 register 方法的代码,看看里面是如何完成路由表注册的。
private static void register(String className) { if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(className)) { try { Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className); Object obj = clazz.getConstructor().newInstance(); if (obj instanceof IRouteRoot) { registerRouteRoot((IRouteRoot) obj); } else if (obj instanceof IProviderGroup) { registerProvider((IProviderGroup) obj); } else if (obj instanceof IInterceptorGroup) { registerInterceptor((IInterceptorGroup) obj); } else { logger.info(TAG, "register failed, class name: " + className + " should implements one of IRouteRoot/IProviderGroup/IInterceptorGroup."); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error(TAG,"register class error:" + className); } } }// 注册 IRouteRoot 类型private static void registerRouteRoot(IRouteRoot routeRoot) { markRegisteredByPlugin(); if (routeRoot != null) { routeRoot.loadInto(Warehouse.groupsIndex); } }// 注册 IInterceptorGroup 类型private static void registerInterceptor(IInterceptorGroup interceptorGroup) { markRegisteredByPlugin(); if (interceptorGroup != null) { interceptorGroup.loadInto(Warehouse.interceptorsIndex); } }// 注册 IProviderGroup 类型private static void registerProvider(IProviderGroup providerGroup) { markRegisteredByPlugin(); if (providerGroup != null) { providerGroup.loadInto(Warehouse.providersIndex); } }// 标记通过gradle plugin完成自动注册private static void markRegisteredByPlugin() { if (!registerByPlugin) { registerByPlugin = true; } }
这样相比之下,自动注册的方式确实比扫描 dex 文件更高效,扫描 dex 文件是在 app 运行时操作的,这样会影响 app 的性能,对用户造成不好的体验。而自动注册是在 build 的时候完成字节码插桩的,对运行时不产生影响。
学了今天这招,以后 compiler 生成的代码需要注册的步骤都可以通过自动注册来完成了,赞一个
番外
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之前看到自动注册这么神奇,所以想看下插入字节码之后 LogisticsCenter 代码的效果,所以反编译了一下 ARouter demo apk,可以看到 LogisticsCenter.smali 的 loadRouterMap 方法:
.method private static loadRouterMap()V .locals 1 .line 64 const/4 v0, 0x0 sput-boolean v0, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->registerByPlugin:Z .line 69 const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$modulejava" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$modulekotlin" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$arouterapi" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$app" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Interceptors$$modulejava" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Interceptors$$app" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers$$modulejava" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers$$modulekotlin" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers$$arouterapi" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers$$app" invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V return-void.end method
作者:俞其荣
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/8ad636fbfcc6