第一种场景:
在UI线程中更新UI,这种是最简单的,直接更新UI即可。
代码如下
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Button bt_click_me; private TextView tv_text; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_click_me = findViewById(R.id.bt_click_me); tv_text = findViewById(R.id.tv_text); bt_click_me.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { tv_text.setText("111111111111111"); } }); } }
第二种场景:
从子线程中更新UI
代码如下
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Button bt_click_me; private TextView tv_text; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_click_me = findViewById(R.id.bt_click_me); tv_text = findViewById(R.id.tv_text); bt_click_me.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { tv_text.setText("111111111111111"); } }); thread.start(); } }); } }
当点击按钮更新UI的时候就会发现报了异常,异常如下
图片.png
这个异常证明了子线程不能直接更新UI,解决方案如下
(1)通过Activity中的runOnUIThread方法
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Button bt_click_me; private TextView tv_text; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_click_me = findViewById(R.id.bt_click_me); tv_text = findViewById(R.id.tv_text); bt_click_me.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { tv_text.setText("111111111111111"); } }); } }); thread.start(); } }); } }
我们来深入源码
/** * Runs the specified action on the UI thread. If the current thread is the UI * thread, then the action is executed immediately. If the current thread is * not the UI thread, the action is posted to the event queue of the UI thread. * * @param action the action to run on the UI thread */public final void runOnUiThread(Runnable action) { if (Thread.currentThread() != mUiThread) { mHandler.post(action); } else { action.run(); } }
源码的意思是说, 如果当前线程不是UI线程, 那么执行
mHandler.post(action);
否则直接执行run。
这个结论直接告诉了我们,Handler的post方法也能做到从子线程更新UI。
(2)通过Handler的post方法
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Handler handler = new Handler(); private Button bt_click_me; private TextView tv_text; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_click_me = findViewById(R.id.bt_click_me); tv_text = findViewById(R.id.tv_text); bt_click_me.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { handler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { tv_text.setText("111111111111111"); } }); } }); thread.start(); } }); } }
我在UI线程中new了一个Handler对象,在子线程中用这个对象来调用post方法。
我们来深入源码
/** * Causes the Runnable r to be added to the message queue. * The runnable will be run on the thread to which this handler is * attached. * * @param r The Runnable that will be executed. * * @return Returns true if the Runnable was successfully placed in to the * message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the * looper processing the message queue is exiting. */public final boolean post(Runnable r){ return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0); }private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) { Message m = Message.obtain(); m.callback = r; return m; }
在Handler对象中,有一个post方法,分析源码得知, 这个方法将形参r封装到一个消息里面, 再利用sendMessageDelayed方法将消息发送(添加)到消息队列。(注:理解这句话需要对Handler机制有一定的了解)
我们得出结论,通过handler发送消息也能实现子线程更新UI。
(3)通过handler发送消息来实现子线程更新UI
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Handler handler = new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { super.handleMessage(msg); switch (msg.what){ case 1: tv_text.setText("111111111111111"); break; } } }; private Button bt_click_me; private TextView tv_text; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_click_me = findViewById(R.id.bt_click_me); tv_text = findViewById(R.id.tv_text); bt_click_me.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Message message = Message.obtain(); message.what = 1; handler.sendMessage(message); } }); thread.start(); } }); } }
(4)通过view的post方法实现
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Button bt_click_me; private TextView tv_text; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_click_me = findViewById(R.id.bt_click_me); tv_text = findViewById(R.id.tv_text); bt_click_me.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { bt_click_me.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { tv_text.setText("111111111111111"); } }); } }); thread.start(); } }); } }
我们来深入源码
/** * <p>Causes the Runnable to be added to the message queue. * The runnable will be run on the user interface thread.</p> * * @param action The Runnable that will be executed. * * @return Returns true if the Runnable was successfully placed in to the * message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the * looper processing the message queue is exiting. * * @see #postDelayed * @see #removeCallbacks */public boolean post(Runnable action) { final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo; if (attachInfo != null) { return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action); } // Postpone the runnable until we know on which thread it needs to run. // Assume that the runnable will be successfully placed after attach. getRunQueue().post(action); return true; }
其实最终也调用了mHandler.post(action)方法。
第二种场景总结:
(1)Android从子线程更新UI就是通过Handler来实现的,官方发明Handler主要就是给我们更新UI用的。
其实吧, 一些脑洞大开的猿类动物偏不按照常理出牌:
(1)在子线程中他偏偏不用Handler更新UI?
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private TextView tv_text; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tv_text = findViewById(R.id.tv_text); tv_text.setText("1111111"); Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i=0;i<500000;i++){ Log.e("aa", String.valueOf(i));//耗时操作 if(i==499999){ tv_text.setText("22222222"); } } } }); thread.start(); } }
这个例子是从onCreate方法中的子线程更新UI, 其中有耗时操作
图片.png
上述的例子依然报错, 那么怎么才能不让他报错呢,往下看
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private TextView tv_text; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tv_text = findViewById(R.id.tv_text); tv_text.setText("1111111"); Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { tv_text.setText("22222222"); } }); thread.start(); } }
当我去除耗时操作时,就不会报这个错误了,那么为什么呢?
我们来翻看源码
在ViewRootImpl类中找到了这个方法,这个方法就是之所以报错的根本
void checkThread() { if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) { throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException( "Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views."); } }
而ViewRootImpl对象是在执行到onResume才创建时的,所以得出结论,onCreate中的子线程如果不是耗时操作,基本都是可以更新UI的,但不能保证。因为一个是UI线程,一个是子线程,我们谁也不知道哪个线程更快一些。
(2)把消息从UI线程发送到子线程?
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private Button bt_click_me; private Handler handler; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_click_me = findViewById(R.id.bt_click_me); bt_click_me.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Message message = Message.obtain(); message.what = 1; handler.sendMessage(message); } }); Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Looper.prepare(); Looper looper = Looper.myLooper(); handler = new Handler(looper){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { super.handleMessage(msg); Log.d("aa", "11111"); } }; Looper.loop(); } }); thread.start(); } }
作者:NoBugException
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/1271448f86f9