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单机搭建Data Guard

PIPIONE
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搭建环境:

Red Hat Linux Enterprise 5.4

Oracle 10g R2

主机操作系统主要信息为192.168.199.128.

搭建准备:

已存在主库(生产库)DB_NAME=mustang   SID=april

 

开始搭建Data Guard

首先需要准备好参数文件,设定一些必要的参数。在主库,先通过spfile生成pfile文件:

SQL>create pfile=’/home/oracle/product/10.2initapril.ora’ from spfile;  

然后修改主库新生成的initapril.ora参数文件。在原有的基础上添加如下内容:

db_unique_name=mustang 

 

log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(mustang,standby)' 

 

log_archive_dest_2='service=standby arch async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) 

 

db_unique_name=standby' 

 

log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) 

 

db_unique_name=mustang' 

 

log_archive_dest_state_1=enable 

 

log_archive_dest_state_2=enable 

 

log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc 

 

log_archive_max_processes=30 

 

fal_server=standby 

 

fal_client=mustang 

 

db_file_name_convert='standby','mustang' 

 

log_file_name_convert='/home/oracle/','/home/oracle/standby/' 

 

standby_file_management=auto 

修改完参数文件之后,要重新打开主库,然后通过iniapril.ora来创建spfile。如下:

SQL>create spfile=’/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileapril.ora’ from pfile=’ 

/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initapril.ora’; 

接下来的工作就是要通过主库的参数文件,创建备库需要的参数文件,在主库上运行:

 SQL>create pfile=’ /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initstandby.ora’ from spfile; 

编辑initstandby.ora。如下所示:

standby.__db_cache_size=213909504 

 

standby.__large_pool_size=4194304 

 

*.control_files='/home/oracle/standby/standby.ctl' 

 

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=8 

 

*.db_file_name_convert='standby','mustang' 

 

*.db_files=80 

 

*.db_name='mustang' 

 

*.db_unique_name='standby' 

 

*.fal_client='standby' 

 

*.fal_server='mustang' 

 

*.global_names=TRUE 

 

*.instance_name='standby' 

 

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(mustang,standby)' 

 

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/standby/archive' 

 

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=mustang arch async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) 

 

db_unique_name=mustang' 

 

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable' 

 

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable' 

 

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' 

 

*.log_archive_max_processes=30 

 

*.log_buffer=32768 

 

*.log_checkpoint_interval=10000 

 

*.log_file_name_convert='/home/oracle/','/home/oracle/standby/' 

 

*.max_dump_file_size='10240' 

 

*.parallel_max_servers=5 

 

*.processes=50 

 

*.service_names='standby' 

 

*.sga_max_size=300M 

 

*.sga_target=300M 

 

*.standby_file_management='auto' 

 

*.undo_management='auto' 

  *.undo_tablespace='undotbs' 

保存initstandby.ora参数文件。通过initstandby.ora生成动态文件spfilestandby.ora:

SQL>create spfile=’/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilestandby.ora’ from pfile=’ 

 

/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initstandby.ora’; 

在主库上创建我们的密码文件:

 [oracle@localhost dbs]$orapwd file=’ /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwstandby’ password=oracle  entries=10 

通过主库的控制文件生成我们备库的控制文件:

SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as ‘/home/oracle/standby.ctl’;  

开始创建备库:

首先创建备库的目录结构,这里我们以主库位于同一目录:

主库:/home/oracle/mustang    主库归档文件:/home/oracle/archive

于是我们在/home/oracle下创建我们的备库目录:

mkdir standby 

 

cd standby 

 

mkdir archive 

 

mkdir bdump 

 

mkdir udump 

目录结构完成。

下一步就是要配置监听(如果没有监听standby是启动不了的)。在配置监听之前,首先要进行一步就是要生成备库的密码文件: 

 [oracle@localhost dbs]$orapwd file=’ /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwstandby’ password=oracle  entries=10 

将路径切换到/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin下。通过ls命令可以看到:

[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls

listener.ora  shrept.lst  sqlnet.log  tnsnames.ora

再配置监听之前,要先将我们的监听服务停止:lsnrctl stop。

开始配置监听

首先配置tnsnames.ora文件。设定服务名(因为我们这里是单机,所以配置在本机上配置就行了,如果是两台机的话,就要在主备库的tnsnames.ora同时修改):

april= 

 

   (DESCRIPTION= 

 

        (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)) 

 

        (CONNECT_DATA= 

 

           (SERVER=DEDICATED) 

 

           (SERVICE_NAME=mustang) 

 

         ) 

 

    ) 

 

  

 

standby= 

 

   (DESCRIPTION= 

 

        (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)) 

 

        (CONNECT_DATA=  

 

           (SERVER=DEDICATED) 

 

           (SERVICE_NAME=standby) 

 

         ) 

 

接下来配置listener.ora文件(建议用途netmgr配置,比较方便,因为手工配置容易出错)。配置如下:

SID_LIST_LISTENER = 

 

  (SID_LIST = 

 

    (SID_DESC = 

 

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = mustang) 

 

      (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) 

 

      (SID_NAME = april) 

 

    ) 

 

   (SID_DESC = 

 

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby) 

 

      (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) 

 

      (SID_NAME = standby) 

 

    ) 

 

  ) 

 

  

 

LISTENER = 

 

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST = 

 

    (DESCRIPTION = 

 

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) 

 

    ) 

 

    (DESCRIPTION = 

 

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1522)) 

 

    ) 

 

  ) 

 

 

TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = USER   

 

至此我们的监听配置就完成,启动监听器:

 [oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl start 

出现如下内容说明,已经配置成功:

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2012 20:59:37

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Trace information written to /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/trace/listener.trc

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                26-JUL-2012 20:59:37

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               user

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listener Trace File       /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/trace/listener.trc

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)))

Services Summary...

Service "mustang" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "april", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "standby" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "standby", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

我们也可以通过tnsping来检查,是否配置成功:

 [oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping standby 

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2012 21:00:45

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1522)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVER=DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME=standby)))

OK (20 msec)

[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping april 

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2012 21:00:51

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVER=DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME=mustang)))

OK (30 msec)

看到以上提示,说明我们的监听配置完全正确。

 

复制相关文件到备库的目录下:

[oracle@localhost mustang]$cp /home/oracle/mustang/*.dbf /home/oracle/standby 

 

[oracle@localhost mustang]$cp /home/oracle/standby.ctl /home/oracle/standby/

接下来,开始启动我们的主库和备库,最好打开两个窗口进行实验:

在主库窗口:

1)指定以april实例开始我们的主库:

 export ORACLE_SID=april 

2)

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@april as sysdba  

3)开启主库的归档模式和force logging: 

 

 

SQL>alter database archivelog;  

 

SQL>alter database force logging;   

 

 

在备库窗口:

1)  指定以standby实例打开我们的备库:

 export ORACLE_SID=standby 

2) 

 [oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@standby as sysdba 

 

3)  使standby数据库处于恢复状态,主备库归档日志同步

 SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session: 

 

接下来就要查看我们的Data Guard是否正常。

我们在主库环境下,查看当前的归档日志情况:

 SQL>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#; 

然后切换到备库环境下,查看当前的归档日志情况:

 SQL>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#; 

接着我们再次切换到主库环境下,进行一次日志切换:

 SQL>alter system switch logfile; 

再次查看主库的归档情况:

 SQL>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#; 

这时,你会发现多了2个归档文件。

我们再切到备库,查看:

 SQL>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#; 

发现备库的归档文件也同样多了。

至此,可以说明我们的归档同步了。

在主库下:我们新建一个表,然后往表中插入数据,先不要commit。我们发现备库中也同样有了这个表,但是还没有数据,如果我们commit掉主库的事务,备库中该表就有了数据了。

我们可以查看主库和备库的switchover参数。

 SQL>select switchover_status,database_role from v$database; 

   

DG搭建工作至此完成。刚刚学习Data Guard,上文有不正确的地方,还请多多批评赐教!

 

 

 

 

©著作权归作者所有:来自51CTO博客作者郑宏辉的原创作品,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任

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