一、前言
二、概述
三、安装MySQL 5.1.73
四、升级为MySQL 5.5.35
五、总结
注，测试环境 CentOS 6.4 x86_64，MySQL 版本（5.1.73、5.5.35）目前最新版。下载地址：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.1.html#downloads。
一、前言
前几篇博客中我们讲解了MySQL5.1与MySQL5.5之间的性能差异，MySQL5.5的性能有明显的提升，特别是对多核CPU的支持与TPS性能的提升。在这篇博客中我们将主要讲解MySQL 5.1.73升级为MySQL 5.5.35。下面我们继续……
二、概述
1.安装yum源
[root@node6 src]# wget http://mirrors.hustunique.com/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@node6 src]# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
2.同步时间
[root@node6 src]# yum install -y ntp
[root@node6 src]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101
[root@node6 src]# hwclock –w
3.安装mysql 5.1依赖包
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel
4.安装mysql5.5依赖包
[root@node6 ~]# yum install -y autoconf* automake* zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel* libgcrypt* libtool* openssl*
5.安装cmake
[root@node6 ~]# yum install -y cmake
三、安装MySQL 5.1.73
1.编译并安装mysql5.1
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# tar xf mysql-5.1.73.tar.gz
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# cd mysql-5.1.73
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/data/mysql --enable-assembler --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-pthread --enable-static --with-big-tables --without-ndb-debug --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all --without-debug --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=max
上面配置内容省略……
This version of MySQL Cluster is no longer maintained.
Please use the separate sources provided forMySQL Cluster instead.
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysql-cluster.html
formoredetails.
Thank you forchoosing MySQL!
Remember to check the platform specific part of the reference manual
forhints about installing MySQL on your platform.
Also have a lookat the files inthe Docs directory.
到这里我们编译配置就完成了，下面我们编译并安装。
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# make && make install
注，编译与安装时间比较长请大家耐心等待，当然会看各位博友机器的配置，相对来说配置越好，相对的编译与安装时间相对就少。
2.创建数据目录并授权
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# mkdir -pv /data/mysql
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/data/mysql"
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# useradd mysql
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# ll /data/
总用量 20
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 8月 17 18:42 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 1月 4 16:10 mysql
3.为mysql提供配置文件
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
4.简单修改一下配置文件
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set= utf8
[mysqld]
default-character-set= utf8
datadir = /data/mysql
5.提供启动脚本
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@node6 ~]# chkconfig mysqld --add
[root@node6 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
6.初始化mysql
[root@node6 mysql-5.1.73]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
140104 16:18:43 [Warning] '--default-character-set'is deprecated and will be removed ina future release. Please use '--character-set-server'instead.
140104 16:18:43 [Warning] '--skip-locking'is deprecated and will be removed ina future release. Please use '--skip-external-locking'instead.
OK
Filling help tables...
140104 16:18:43 [Warning] '--default-character-set'is deprecated and will be removed ina future release. Please use '--character-set-server'instead.
140104 16:18:43 [Warning] '--skip-locking'is deprecated and will be removed ina future release. Please use '--skip-external-locking'instead.
OK
To start mysqld at boot timeyou have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place foryour system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To doso, start the server, thenissue the following commands:
/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqladmin-u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqladmin-u root -h node6.test.com password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql_secure_installation
whichwill also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended forproduction servers.
See the manual formoreinstructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd/usr/local/mysql/; /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe&
You can testthe MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd/usr/local/mysql//mysql-test; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/local/mysql//scripts/mysqlbugscript!
注，从上面的内容中我们看到了几个警告，我们查看一下。
140104 16:18:43 [Warning] '--default-character-set'is deprecated and will be removed ina future release. Please use '--character-set-server'instead.
140104 16:18:43 [Warning] '--skip-locking'is deprecated and will be removed ina future release. Please use '--skip-external-locking'instead.
OK
Filling help tables...
140104 16:18:43 [Warning] '--default-character-set'is deprecated and will be removed ina future release. Please use '--character-set-server'instead.
140104 16:18:43 [Warning] '--skip-locking'is deprecated and will be removed ina future release. Please use '--skip-external-locking'instead.
从上面的警告可以看到，--default-character-set、--skip-locking选项已经过时，建议使用--character-set-server、--skip-external-locking。
7.查看一下初始化目录
[root@node6 data]# ls /data/mysql/
mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index test
8.启动一下mysql
[root@node6 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
9.测试访问一下
[root@node6 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 1
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/orits affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/orits
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;'or '\h'forhelp. Type '\c'to clearthe current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test|
+--------------------+
3 rows inset(0.00 sec)
mysql>
好了，到这里我们的mysql基本就安装完成，但我们还提做上些优化工作。
10.输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径
[root@node6 ~]# yum install -y man
[root@node6 ~]# vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
11.输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include
[root@node6 mysql]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
12.输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径
[root@node6 mysql]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib'> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@node6 mysql]# ldconfig
13.修改PATH环境变量，让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令
[root@node6 mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
exportPATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@node6 mysql]# source /etc/profile
[root@node6 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 2
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/orits affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/orits
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;'or '\h'forhelp. Type '\c'to clearthe current input statement.
mysql>
好了，到这里我们的mysql就全部安装完成了，下面我们来准备一下测试环境。
14.新建测试数据库与测试表
mysql> CREATE DATABASE mydb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.33 sec)
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydb |
| mysql |
| test|
+--------------------+
4 rows inset(0.00 sec)
mysql> use mydb;
Database changed
mysql> show create database mydb;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| mydb | CREATE DATABASE `mydb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row inset(0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set(0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `t1` (idint(11) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show create table t1;
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t1 | CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row inset(0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_mydb |
+----------------+
| t1 |
+----------------+
1 row inset(0.00 sec)
mysql> desc t1;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id| int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row inset(0.33 sec)
15.增加数据
(1).先简单插入10行数据
mysql> insert into t1 value (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10);
(2).查看一下
mysql> select* from t1;
+------+
| id|
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
| 10 |
+------+
10 rows inset(0.00 sec)
(3).插入多行数据方法
mysql> insert into t1 select* from t1;
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 10 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> selectcount(*) from t1;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 20 |
+----------+
1 row inset(0.33 sec)
四、升级为MySQL 5.5.35
1.升级前准备（查看MySQL 5.1相关参数，具体如下）
(1).安装目录
[root@node6 ~]# /usr/local/mysql
(2).配置文件
[root@node6 ~]# /etc/my.cnf
(3).数据目录
[root@node6 ~]# /data/mysql
(4).启动脚本
[root@node6 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld
(5).其它参数
输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径
输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include
输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径
修改PATH环境变量，让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令
2.升级方式
直接将MySQL5.5安装目录覆盖正在运行的Mysql目录（我们这里演示使用的方式）
将MySQL5.5安装到其它目录中，如/usr/local/mysql5
3.备份所有数据库
[root@node6 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 test -l -F '/tmp/test.sql'
-l 锁定
-F 即flush logs，可以重新生成新的日志文件，当然包括log-bin日志
4.备份安装目录
[root@node6 ~]# tar czvf mysql_5.1.73_full.tar.gz /usr/local/mysql
5.备份数据目录
[root@node6 ~]# tar czvf mysql_5.1.73_data_full.tar.gz /data/mysql
6.备份配置文件
[root@node6 ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf ./
7.关闭mysql
[root@node6 ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
好了，到这里我们准备工作就完成了。下面我们来升级到MySQL 5.5.35……
8.升级mysql 5.5.35
[root@node6 mysql]# tar xf mysql-5.5.35.tar.gz
[root@node6 mysql]# cd mysql-5.5.35
[root@node6 mysql-5.5.35]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
[root@node6 mysql-5.5.35]# make && make install
9.删除原有的mysql5.1的配置文件
[root@node6 mysql-5.5.35]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
10.提供新的配置文件
[root@node6 mysql-5.5.35]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
11.修改一下配置文件
[mysqld]
datadir = /data/mysql
注，只增加一行指定数据数据/data/mysql。
12.尝试重新启动一下
[root@node6 mysql-5.5.35]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
13.执行更新程序并重启mysql
[root@node6 mysql-5.5.35]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_upgrade
Looking for 'mysql' as: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlcheck
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock'
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock'
mydb.t1 OK
mydb.t2 OK
mysql.columns_priv OK
mysql.db OK
mysql.event OK
mysql.func OK
mysql.general_log OK
mysql.help_category OK
mysql.help_keyword OK
mysql.help_relation OK
mysql.help_topic OK
mysql.host OK
mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK
mysql.plugin OK
mysql.proc OK
mysql.procs_priv OK
mysql.proxies_priv OK
mysql.servers OK
mysql.slow_log OK
mysql.tables_priv OK
mysql.time_zone OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK
mysql.time_zone_name OK
mysql.time_zone_transition OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK
mysql.user OK
Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'...
OK
14.查看生成的更新文件
[root@node6 ~]# cd /data/mysql/
[root@node6 mysql]# ls
ibdata1 mysql mysql-bin.000004 mysql-bin.000008 node6.test.com.err
ib_logfile0 mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000005 mysql-bin.000009 node6.test.com.pid
ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.000006 mysql-bin.index performance_schema
mydb mysql-bin.000003 mysql-bin.000007 mysql_upgrade_info test
[root@node6 mysql]# cat mysql_upgrade_info
5.5.35
15.尝试登录一下并查看一下版本
[root@node6 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.5.35-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.5.35-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
16.查看一下库和表
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_mydb |
+----------------+
| t1 |
| t2 |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from t1;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 20971520 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
好了，到这里我们就升级成功了。
五、总结
根据上面的演示，我们发现MySQL数据库升级并不是很难，主要得注意数据备份，防止数据和意外丢失。好了，这篇博客就到这里吧。
最后，希望大家有所收获吧^_^……
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