python调用zabbix api接口实时展示数据-原创手记-慕课网

近日公司准备自已做一个运维管理平台，其中的监控部分，打算调用zabbix api接口来进行展示。

经过思考之后，计划获取如下内容：

1、获得认证密钥

2、获取zabbix所有的主机组

3、获取单个组下的所有主机

4、获取某个主机下的所有监控项

5、获取某个监控项的历史数据

6、获取某个监控项的最新数据

计划最后展示框架如下内容（这只是值方面，其它的会再加）：

主机组1 ----主机名1---监控项1----当前值

---监控项2----当前值

----主机名2----监控项1----当前值

----监控项2----当前值

主机组2 ----主机名3---监控项1----当前值

---监控项2----当前值

----主机名4----监控项1----当前值

----监控项2----当前值

进入正题

1. user.login方法获取zabbix server的认证结果

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/user/login

python脚本：

[root@yang python]# cat auth.py

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7

#coding=utf-8

import json

import urllib2

# based url and required header

url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}

# auth user and password

data = json.dumps(

{

"jsonrpc": "2.0",

"method": "user.login",

"params": {

"user": "Admin",

"password": "zabbix"

"id": 0

})

# create request object

request = urllib2.Request(url,data)

for key in header:

request.add_header(key,header[key])

# auth and get authid

try:

result = urllib2.urlopen(request)

except URLError as e:

print "Auth Failed, Please Check Your Name AndPassword:",e.code

else:

response = json.loads(result.read())

result.close()

print"Auth Successful. The Auth ID Is:",response['result']

python脚本运行结果：

[root@yang python]# python auth.py

Auth Successful. The Auth ID Is: a0b82aae0842c2041386a61945af1180

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":

"2.0","method":"user.login","params":{"user":"admin","password":"zabbix"},"auth":

null,"id":0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

curl命令运行结果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"b895ce91ba84fe247e444817c6773cc3","id":0}

2. hostgroup.get方法获取所有主机组ID

把认证密钥放到脚本中，每次获取数据时都需要认证。此处是获取zabbix server上的所有主机组名称与ID号。

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/hostgroup/get

python脚本：

[root@yang python]# catget_hostgroup_list.py

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7

#coding=utf-8

import json

import urllib2

# based url and required header

url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}

# request json

data = json.dumps(

{

"jsonrpc":"2.0",

"method":"hostgroup.get",

"params":{

"output":["groupid","name"],

"auth":"3c0e88885a8cf8af9502b5c850b992bd", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string

"id":1,

})

# create request object

request = urllib2.Request(url,data)

for key in header:

request.add_header(key,header[key])

# get host list

try:

result = urllib2.urlopen(request)

except URLError as e:

if hasattr(e, 'reason'):

print 'We failed to reach a server.'

print 'Reason: ', e.reason

elif hasattr(e, 'code'):

print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'

print 'Error code: ', e.code

else:

response = json.loads(result.read())

result.close()

print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])

#print response

for group in response['result']:

print "Group ID:",group['groupid'],"\tGroupName:",group['name']

python脚本执行结果：

[root@yang python]# pythonget_hostgroup_list.py

Number Of Hosts: 12

Group ID: 11 Group Name: DB Schedule

Group ID: 14 Group Name: DG-WY-KD-Server

Group ID: 5 Group Name: Discovered hosts

Group ID: 7 Group Name: Hypervisors

Group ID: 2 Group Name: Linux servers

Group ID: 8 Group Name: monitored_linux

Group ID: 9 Group Name: qsmind

Group ID: 12 Group Name: qssec

Group ID: 13 Group Name: switch

Group ID: 1 Group Name: Templates

Group ID: 6 Group Name: Virtual machines

Group ID: 4 Group Name: Zabbix servers

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method":"hostgroup.get","params":{"output":["groupid","name"]},"auth":"11d2b45415d5de6770ce196879dbfcf1","id": 0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

curl执行结果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"groupid":"11","name":"DBSchedule"},{"groupid":"14","name":"DG-WY-KD-Server"},{"groupid":"5","name":"Discoveredhosts"},{"groupid":"7","name":"Hypervisors"},{"groupid":"2","name":"Linuxservers"},{"groupid":"8","name":"monitored_linux"},{"groupid":"9","name":"qsmind"},{"groupid":"12","name":"qssec"},{"groupid":"13","name":"switch"},{"groupid":"1","name":"Templates"},{"groupid":"6","name":"Virtualmachines"},{"groupid":"4","name":"Zabbixservers"}],"id":0}

3. host.get方法获取单个主机组下所有的主机ID。

根据标题2中获取到的主机组id，把主机组id填入到下边脚本中，就可以获得该主机组下所有的主机id。

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/host/get

python脚本：

[root@yang python]# cat get_group_one.py

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7

#coding=utf-8

import json

import urllib2

# based url and required header

url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}

# request json

data = json.dumps(

{

"jsonrpc":"2.0",

"method":"host.get",

"params":{

"output":["hostid","name"],

"groupids":"14",

"auth":"3c0e88885a8cf8af9502b5c850b992bd", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string

"id":1,

})

# create request object

request = urllib2.Request(url,data)

for key in header:

request.add_header(key,header[key])

# get host list

try:

result = urllib2.urlopen(request)

except URLError as e:

if hasattr(e, 'reason'):

print 'We failed to reach a server.'

print 'Reason: ', e.reason

elif hasattr(e, 'code'):

print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'

print 'Error code: ', e.code

else:

response = json.loads(result.read())

result.close()

print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])

for host in response['result']:

print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

python脚本执行结果：

[root@yang python]# pythonget_group_one.py

Number Of Hosts: 4

Host ID: 10146 Host Name: DG-WY-KD-3F3B-00

Host ID: 10147 Host Name: DG-WY-KD-3F3B-01

Host ID: 10148 Host Name: DG-WY-KD-3F3B-02

Host ID: 10149 Host Name: DG-WY-KD-3F3B-03

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"host.get","params":{"output":["hostid","name"],"groupids":"14"},"auth":"11d2b45415d5de6770ce196879dbfcf1","id": 0}'

http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

curl命令执行结果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"hostid":"10146","name":"DG-WY-KD-3F3B-00"},{"hostid":"10147","name":"DG-WY-KD-3F3B-01"},{"hostid":"10148","name":"DG-WY-KD-3F3B-02"},{"hostid":"10149","name":"DG-WY-KD-3F3B-03"}],"id":0}

4. itemsid.get方法获取单个主机下所有的监控项ID

根据标题3中获取到的所有主机id与名称，找到你想要获取的主机id，获取它下面的所有items。

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/item

python脚本：

[root@yang python]# cat get_items.py

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7

#coding=utf-8

import json

import urllib2

# based url and required header

url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}

# request json

data = json.dumps(

{

"jsonrpc":"2.0",

"method":"item.get",

"params":{

"output":["itemids","key_"],

"hostids":"10146",

"auth":"3c0e88885a8cf8af9502b5c850b992bd", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string

"id":1,

})

# create request object

request = urllib2.Request(url,data)

for key in header:

request.add_header(key,header[key])

# get host list

try:

result = urllib2.urlopen(request)

except URLError as e:

if hasattr(e, 'reason'):

print 'We failed to reach a server.'

print 'Reason: ', e.reason

elif hasattr(e, 'code'):

print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'

print 'Error code: ', e.code

else:

response = json.loads(result.read())

result.close()

print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])

for host in response['result']:

print host

#print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

python脚本运行结果：

[root@yang python]# python get_items.py

Number Of Hosts: 54

{u'itemid': u'24986', u'key_':u'agent.hostname'}

{u'itemid': u'24987', u'key_':u'agent.ping'}

{u'itemid': u'24988', u'key_':u'agent.version'}

{u'itemid': u'24989', u'key_':u'kernel.maxfiles'}

{u'itemid': u'24990', u'key_':u'kernel.maxproc'}

{u'itemid': u'25157', u'key_':u'net.if.in[eth0]'}

{u'itemid': u'25158', u'key_':u'net.if.in[eth1]'}

… …

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"item.get","params":{"output":"itemids","hostids":"10146","search":{"key_":"net.if.out[eth2]"}},"auth":"11d2b45415d5de6770ce196879dbfcf1","id": 0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

#此处加上了单个key的名称

curl命令执行结果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"itemid":"25154"}],"id":0}

5. history.get方法获取单个监控项的历史数据

根据第4项的获取到的所有items id的值，找到想要监控的那项，获取它的历史数据。

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/history/get

python脚本：

[root@yang python]# catget_items_history.py

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7

#coding=utf-8

import json

import urllib2

# based url and required header

url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}

# request json

data = json.dumps(

{

"jsonrpc":"2.0",

"method":"history.get",

"params":{

"output":"extend",

"history":3,

"itemids":"25159",

"limit":10

"auth":"3c0e88885a8cf8af9502b5c850b992bd", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string

"id":1,

})

# create request object

request = urllib2.Request(url,data)

for key in header:

request.add_header(key,header[key])

# get host list

try:

result = urllib2.urlopen(request)

except URLError as e:

if hasattr(e, 'reason'):

print 'We failed to reach a server.'

print 'Reason: ', e.reason

elif hasattr(e, 'code'):

print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'

print 'Error code: ', e.code

else:

response = json.loads(result.read())

result.close()

print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])

for host in response['result']:

print host

#print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

python脚本执行结果：

[root@yang python]# pythonget_items_history.py

Number Of Hosts: 10

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'420722133',u'value': u'3008', u'clock': u'1410744079'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'480606614',u'value': u'5720', u'clock': u'1410744139'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'40905600',u'value': u'6144', u'clock': u'1410744200'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'175337062',u'value': u'2960', u'clock': u'1410744259'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'202705084',u'value': u'3032', u'clock': u'1410744319'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'263158421',u'value': u'2864', u'clock': u'1410744379'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'702285081',u'value': u'7600', u'clock': u'1410744439'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'231191890',u'value': u'3864', u'clock': u'1410744499'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'468566742',u'value': u'3112', u'clock': u'1410744559'}

{u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'421679098',u'value': u'2952', u'clock': u'1410744619'}

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"history.get","params":{"history":3,"itemids":"25154","output":"extend","limit":10},"auth":"11d2b45415d5de6770ce196879dbfcf1","id": 0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

curl命令运行结果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744134","value":"4840","ns":"375754276"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744314","value":"5408","ns":"839852515"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744374","value":"7040","ns":"964558609"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744554","value":"4072","ns":"943177771"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744614","value":"8696","ns":"995289716"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744674","value":"6144","ns":"992462863"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744734","value":"6472","ns":"152634327"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744794","value":"4312","ns":"479599424"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744854","value":"4456","ns":"263314898"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744914","value":"8656","ns":"840460009"}],"id":0}

6. history.get方法获取单个监控项最后的值

只需把上个脚本中或curl中的limit参数改为1就可。

此时监控项的数据已拿到了，接下来的把它传给前台展示就行了。