Nginx访问日志
这里补充下Nginx访问日志使用的说明。一般在nginx.conf主配置文件里需要定义一种格式：
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" $request_time';
上面的格式我是基于默认的加了一个$request_time。
然后子配置使用：
access_log logs/myapp.log main;
即可。
Filebeat采集日志数据到ElasticSearch
配置：
su -e elk cd /usr/local/elk vim beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx.yml
配置详情：
filebeat.prospectors:- type: log input_type: log paths: - /work/yphp/nginx/logs/*.log tags: ["ngx", "yujc"] fields: logIndex: nginx docType: nginx-access fields_under_root: true tail_files: falseoutput.elasticsearch: hosts: ["127.0.0.1:9200"] index: "test-nginx-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"配置说明：
filebeat.prospectors:
type 日志类型，默认log
input_type 输入类型，默认log
paths 采集的日志，可以使用通配符。支持多个
tags 自定义标签，是个数组。自定义
fields 自定义字段
fields_under_root 自定义字段是否追加到根。如果为false，fields配置的字段键名是fields
tail_files 是否从末尾开始采集
document_type 自定义字段，用于Logsatsh区分来源，在Logsatsh里用变量
type表示
output.elasticsearch:
hosts 配置ES节点，数组格式，支持多个。
index 配置ES索引。不配置使用默认的 filebeat-*
protocol 配置协议，例如http,https
username 配置ES用户名，例如elastic
password 配置ES密码，例如changeme
设置权限600，并启动filebeat:
chmod -R 600 beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx.yml ./beats/filebeat/filebeat -c beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx.yml
然后访问Nginx应用，查看ES是否新增了一个索引：
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v | grep test-nginx % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 105 1161 105 1161 0 0 123k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 125k yellow open test-nginx-2018.09.24 ArxrVVOkTjG8ZlXJjb9bVg 5 1 1 0 11.6kb 11.6kb
我们查看一条数据：
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9200/test-nginx-2018.09.24/_search?q=*&size=1{ "_index": "test-nginx-2018.09.24", "_type": "doc", "_id": "AWYKkBqtJzfnbYlB_DRX", "_version": 1, "_score": null, "_source": { "@timestamp": "2018-09-24T07:51:43.140Z", "beat": { "hostname": "2106567e5bce", "name": "2106567e5bce", "version": "5.6.2"
}, "docType": "nginx-access", "input_type": "log", "logIndex": "nginx", "message": "172.16.10.1 - - [24/Sep/2018:07:51:40 +0000] \"GET /?time=22 HTTP/1.1\" 200 97991 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36\" \"-\" 0.009", "offset": 5243, "source": "/work/yphp/nginx/logs/hello71.log", "tags": [ "ngx", "yujc"
], "type": "log"
}, "fields": { "@timestamp": [ 1537775503140
]
}, "sort": [ 1537775503140
]
}可以看到已经有数据了。但是日志内容作为一个整体（字段是message）了。
Filebeat采集日志数据，Logstash过滤发到ElasticSearch
配置：
su -e elk cd /usr/local/elk vim beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx2.yml
配置详情：
filebeat.prospectors:- type: log input_type: log paths: - /work/yphp/nginx/logs/*.log tags: ["ngx", "yujc"] fields: logIndex: nginx docType: nginx-access fields_under_root: true tail_files: falseoutput.logstash: hosts: ["127.0.0.1:5044"]
配置logstash
su -e elk cd /usr/local/elk vim logstash/config/conf.d/filebeat.conf
配置详情：
input {
beats {
port => 5044
}
}filter {
grok {
match => { "message" => "%{IPORHOST:remote_ip} - %{DATA:user_name} \[%{HTTPDATE:time}\] \"%{WORD:method} %{DATA:url} HTTP/%{NUMBER:http_version}\" %{NUMBER:response_code} %{NUMBER:body_sent:bytes} \"%{DATA:referrer}\" \"%{DATA:agent}\" \"%{DATA:x_forwarded_for}\" %{NUMBER:request_time}" }
remove_field => "message"
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["127.0.0.1:9200"]
index => "test-nginx2-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
document_type => "%{type}"
}
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}我使用的nginx日志格式是在标准格式后面加了2个字段$http_x_forwarded_for和$request_time：
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" $request_time';
日志示例：
172.16.10.1 - - [24/Sep/2018:09:04:40 +0000] "GET /?time=2244 HTTP/1.1" 200 98086 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36" "-" 0.002
上面的grok表达式是：
%{IPORHOST:remote_ip} - %{DATA:user_name} \[%{HTTPDATE:time}\] \"%{WORD:method} %{DATA:url} HTTP/%{NUMBER:http_version}\" %{NUMBER:response_code} %{NUMBER:body_sent:bytes} \"%{DATA:referrer}\" \"%{DATA:agent}\" \"%{DATA:x_forwarded_for}\" %{NUMBER:request_time}我们先使用Grok Debugger 工具在线调试下，看看写的grok是否正确。我之前没有测试之前启动，发现ES里没有grok里解析出来的字段，后来在命令行看到filebeat的输出（前台运行）：
$ ./beats/filebeat/filebeat -c beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx2.yml
{ "@timestamp" => 2018-09-24T09:01:19.555Z, "logIndex" => "nginx", "offset" => 6467, "docType" => "nginx-access", "@version" => "1", "input_type" => "log", "beat" => { "name" => "2106567e5bce", "hostname" => "2106567e5bce", "version" => "5.6.2"
}, "host" => "2106567e5bce", "source" => "/work/yphp/nginx/logs/hello71.log", "message" => "172.16.10.1 - - [24/Sep/2018:09:01:14 +0000] \"GET /?time=2244 HTTP/1.1\" 200 98087 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36\" \"-\" 0.195", "type" => "log", "tags" => [
[0] "ngx",
[1] "yujc",
[2] "beats_input_codec_plain_applied",
[3] "_grokparsefailure"
]
}最后面提示了_grokparsefailure，说明grok部分写的有问题。由于是参考的网上教程，也加上刚接触，不知道怎么配置，filebeat.conf调试了很久才生效。
我们打开Grok Debugger，第一个输入框输入filebeat采集的消息原文message字段里的内容，第二个输入框输入grok表达式：
点击Go按钮即可解析。如果下面的内容是{}说明解析失败，然后可以修改表达式，该工具会自动解析。最终解析结果：
{ "remote_ip": [
[ "172.16.10.1"
]
], "HOSTNAME": [
[ "172.16.10.1"
]
], "IP": [
[ null
]
], "IPV6": [
[ null
]
], "IPV4": [
[ null
]
], "user_name": [
[ "-"
]
], "time": [
[ "24/Sep/2018:08:47:59 +0000"
]
], "MONTHDAY": [
[ "24"
]
], "MONTH": [
[ "Sep"
]
], "YEAR": [
[ "2018"
]
], "TIME": [
[ "08:47:59"
]
], "HOUR": [
[ "08"
]
], "MINUTE": [
[ "47"
]
], "SECOND": [
[ "59"
]
], "INT": [
[ "+0000"
]
], "method": [
[ "GET"
]
], "url": [
[ "/?time=2244"
]
], "http_version": [
[ "1.1"
]
], "BASE10NUM": [
[ "1.1", "200", "98086", "0.002"
]
], "response_code": [
[ "200"
]
], "body_sent": [
[ "98086"
]
], "referrer": [
[ "-"
]
], "agent": [
[ "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36"
]
], "x_forwarded_for": [
[ "-"
]
], "request_time": [
[ "0.002"
]
]
}然后可以启动logstash了。
测试logstash配置是否通过：
./logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash/config/conf.d/filebeat.conf --config.test_and_exit Config Validation Result: OK. Exiting Logstash
# 启动logstash./logstash/bin/logstash &# 启动filebeat./beats/filebeat/filebeat -c beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx2.yml
我们再次访问Nginx应用，然后我们查看一条数据：
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9200/test-nginx2-log-2018.09.24/_search?q=*&size=1&sort=@timestamp:desc
{ "took": 14, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0
}, "hits": { "total": 3, "max_score": null, "hits": [
{ "_index": "test-nginx2-log-2018.09.24", "_type": "log", "_id": "AWYK0to8JzfnbYlB_DRx", "_score": null, "_source": { "response_code": "200", "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36", "logIndex": "nginx", "offset": 6875, "method": "GET", "docType": "nginx-access", "user_name": "-", "input_type": "log", "http_version": "1.1", "source": "/work/yphp/nginx/logs/hello71.log", "message": """172.16.10.1 - - [24/Sep/2018:09:04:40 +0000] "GET /?time=2244 HTTP/1.1" 200 98086 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36" "-" 0.002""", "type": "log", "url": "/?time=2244", "tags": [ "ngx", "yujc", "beats_input_codec_plain_applied"
], "x_forwarded_for": "-", "referrer": "-", "@timestamp": "2018-09-24T09:04:40.404Z", "remote_ip": "172.16.10.1", "request_time": "0.002", "@version": "1", "beat": { "name": "2106567e5bce", "hostname": "2106567e5bce", "version": "5.6.2"
}, "host": "2106567e5bce", "body_sent": "98086", "time": "24/Sep/2018:09:04:40 +0000"
}, "sort": [ 1537779880404
]
}
]
}
}里面就包含了所有我们解析出来的字段。
kibana里查看
打开kibana web地址：http://127.0.0.1:5601，依次打开：Management
-> Kibana -> Index Patterns ,选择Create Index Pattern：
a. Index pattern 输入：test-nginx2-* ；
b. Time Filter field name 选择 @timestamp。
c. 点击Create。
然后打开Discover，选择 filebeat-* 就能看到日志数据了。
可以看到详细字段：
参考
1、Logstash使用grok过滤nginx日志（二） - Orgliny - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/Orgliny/p/5592186.html
2、Rsyslog日志服务搭建 - K‘e0llm - 博客园
http://www.cnblogs.com/Eivll0m/p/6700828.html
3、Logstash中如何处理到ElasticSearch的数据映射 - Cocowool - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/cocowool/p/7347069.html
4、ELK 架构之 Logstash 和 Filebeat 安装配置 - 田园里的蟋蟀 - 博客园
http://www.cnblogs.com/xishuai/p/elk-logstash-filebeat.html
5、搭建ELK日志分析平台（下）—— 搭建kibana和logstash服务器-zero菌-51CTO博客
http://blog.51cto.com/zero01/2082794
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