RestTemplate的概述
spring 架构中,RestTemplate是客户端http请求的核心类,它使和服务端的请求更加简单,同时强化了RestFul的原理,它会处理http请求的连接,使应用代码只需提供url和参数,解析结果就可以了。
RestTemplate默认是依赖于标准sdk 工具去建立连接,你可以通过setRequestFactory
方法用其它的http库来替换,比如apache httpComponents,Netty 和OkHttpRestTemplate的类图
RestTemplate类图
HttpAccessor 类
RestTemplate的基类,是一个抽象类,提供了一些公共的属性,如ClientHttpRequestFactory
,ClientHttpRequestFactory 是clientHttpRequest的工厂类,通过 createRequest 来创建http请求的方法InterceptingHttpAccessor 类
这个是 HttpAccessor的一个抽象子类,多增加了 请求拦截器相关的属性,ClientHttpRequestInterceptor
,而这个ClientHttpRequestInterceptor
是 spring cloud中各种服务治理的关键,如客户端负载均衡,链路跟踪等
RestTemplate的doExecute 方法
该方法是RestTemplate的核心方法
image.png
它主要有四个参数
url
请求的http 地址method
http请求的methodrequestCallback
是一个接口Request Callback
responseExtractor
也是一个接口ResponseExtractor
我们来设想下,如果我们自己设计一个封装http请求的组件,一定也会遵守开闭原则,开放出可以让用户自定义的接口,那第三,第四个参数就是这个作用的。
来看下,spring 里默认是怎么做的,首先看下这两个接口的定义
public interface RequestCallback { /** * Gets called by {@link RestTemplate#execute} with an opened {@code ClientHttpRequest}. * Does not need to care about closing the request or about handling errors: * this will all be handled by the {@code RestTemplate}. * @param request the active HTTP request * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors */ void doWithRequest(ClientHttpRequest request) throws IOException; }
public interface ResponseExtractor<T> { /** * Extract data from the given {@code ClientHttpResponse} and return it. * @param response the HTTP response * @return the extracted data * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors */ T extractData(ClientHttpResponse response) throws IOException; }
很明显,这两个接口分别是在请求前,ClientHttpRequest请求前会作回调,而在请求结束后,又会调用ResponseExtractor
去作请求结果解析的动作
再来看下方法createRequest
protected ClientHttpRequest createRequest(URI url, HttpMethod method) throws IOException { ClientHttpRequest request = getRequestFactory().createRequest(url, method); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Created " + method.name() + " request for \"" + url + "\""); } return request; }
而 getRequestFactory()
在 InterceptingHttpAccessor
中被重载了
@Override public ClientHttpRequestFactory getRequestFactory() { ClientHttpRequestFactory delegate = super.getRequestFactory(); if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(getInterceptors())) { return new InterceptingClientHttpRequestFactory(delegate, getInterceptors()); } else { return delegate; } }
如果有设置拦截器,则返回的是一个InterceptingClientHttpRequestFactory
类,而这个类创建的是
@Override protected ClientHttpRequest createRequest(URI uri, HttpMethod httpMethod, ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory) { return new InterceptingClientHttpRequest(requestFactory, this.interceptors, uri, httpMethod); }
Resttemplate
调用 的ClientHttpRequest.execute()
方法,其实就是InterceptingClientHttpRequest
的方法,再来看下这个类的实现吧
@Override protected final ClientHttpResponse executeInternal(HttpHeaders headers, byte[] bufferedOutput) throws IOException { InterceptingRequestExecution requestExecution = new InterceptingRequestExecution(); return requestExecution.execute(this, bufferedOutput); }
最终是通过InterceptingRequestExecution
类来完成最终的调用
@Override public ClientHttpResponse execute(HttpRequest request, final byte[] body) throws IOException { if (this.iterator.hasNext()) { ClientHttpRequestInterceptor nextInterceptor = this.iterator.next(); return nextInterceptor.intercept(request, body, this); } else { ClientHttpRequest delegate = requestFactory.createRequest(request.getURI(), request.getMethod()); for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : request.getHeaders().entrySet()) { List<String> values = entry.getValue(); for (String value : values) { delegate.getHeaders().add(entry.getKey(), value); } } if (body.length > 0) { if (delegate instanceof StreamingHttpOutputMessage) { StreamingHttpOutputMessage streamingOutputMessage = (StreamingHttpOutputMessage) delegate; streamingOutputMessage.setBody(new StreamingHttpOutputMessage.Body() { @Override public void writeTo(final OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException { StreamUtils.copy(body, outputStream); } }); } else { StreamUtils.copy(body, delegate.getBody()); } } return delegate.execute(); } }
从上面的代码可以很清晰的看到是怎么调用ClientHttpRequestInterceptor
的
作者:David_jim
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/e771e387b548