什么是 Webpack?
webpack 是一个模块打包器。webpack 的主要目标是将 JavaScript 文件打包在一起,打包后的文件用于在浏览器中使用,但它也能够胜任转换(transform)、打包(bundle)或包裹(package)任何资源(resource or asset)。
安装 Webpack
# 全局安装npm install webpack -g# 局部安装npm install webpack --save-dev
由于webpack1.x和3.x版本存在区别,全局安装webpack以后,再局部安装可以避免版本冲突或不合适的情况
Webpack 打包js文件
# webpack 原始js文件路径 打包后存放js文件路径 webpack src/js/entry.js dist/js/bundle.js
Webpack 的配置文件webpack.config.js
const path = require('path');module.exports = { // 入口文件 entry: './src/index.js', // 打包后输出的配置块 output: { // 文件名 filename: 'bundle.js', // 调用resolve()设置路径 path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist') }};
配置完成以后,只需要执行webpack
即可开始打包。
Webpack 打包css文件
(1) 下载对应的loader加载器:
npm install css-loader style-loader --save-devnpm install file-loader url-loader --save-dev
url-loader
是对 file-loader
高层封装,需要配合file-loader
使用。
(2) 配置使用:
const path = require('path'); module.exports = { entry: './src/index.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js', path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist') }, // 添加模块配置 module: { // 查找规则 rules: [ { test: /\.css$/, // 要加载使用Loader use: [ 'style-loader', 'css-loader' ] } ] } };
Webpack打包图像文件
(1) 下载对应的loader加载器:
npm install --save-dev file-loader
(2) 配置使用:
const path = require('path'); module.exports = { entry: './src/index.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js', path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist') }, module: { rules: [ { test: /\.css$/, use: [ 'style-loader', 'css-loader' ] }, // 添加模块配置项 { test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif)$/, use: [ 'file-loader' ] } ] } };
Webpack热加载技术
(1) 下载对应的安装包:
npm install --save-dev webpack-dev-server
(2) 配置使用:
const path = require('path'); const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin'); const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin'); module.exports = { entry: { app: './src/index.js', print: './src/print.js' }, // 添加配置项 devtool: 'inline-source-map', devServer: { // 服务器内容目录 contentBase: './dist' }, plugins: [ new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']), new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ title: 'Development' }) ], output: { filename: '[name].bundle.js', path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist') } };
(3) 添加脚本命令:
{ "name": "development", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "", "main": "webpack.config.js", "scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1", "watch": "webpack --watch", // 配置一个命令名称+ "start": "webpack-dev-server --open", "build": "webpack" }, "keywords": [], "author": "", "license": "ISC", "devDependencies": { "clean-webpack-plugin": "^0.1.16", "css-loader": "^0.28.4", "csv-loader": "^2.1.1", "file-loader": "^0.11.2", "html-webpack-plugin": "^2.29.0", "style-loader": "^0.18.2", "webpack": "^3.0.0", "xml-loader": "^1.2.1" } }
Webpack插件的使用
var webpack = require('webpack');// 导入非 webpack 自带默认插件var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin');var DashboardPlugin = require('webpack-dashboard/plugin');// 在配置中添加插件plugins: [ // 构建优化插件 new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({ name: 'vendor', filename: 'vendor-[hash].min.js', }), new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({ compress: { warnings: false, drop_console: false, } }), new ExtractTextPlugin({ filename: 'build.min.css', allChunks: true, }), new webpack.IgnorePlugin(/^\.\/locale$/, /moment$/), // 编译时(compile time)插件 new webpack.DefinePlugin({ 'process.env.NODE_ENV': '"production"', }), // webpack-dev-server 强化插件 new DashboardPlugin(), new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),]