java线程理解以及openjdk中的实现-原创手记-慕课网

看了《深入理解java虚拟机》java与线程一章提到了linux提供的线程模型是一对一的。我也写过一段linux c，当时开辟多线程也就是调用了pthread_create的库函数。

linux c 线程函数

int pthread_create(pthread_t *tid,const pthread_attr_t *attr,
(void*)(*start_rtn)(void*),void *arg);

tid就是线程标识

attr是线程属性

start_rtn是函数指针，就是线程运行的函数

arg是函数的参数

这个函数的运用比较简单，就是把你线程要执行的函数的指针传递给第三个参数，把函数的参数用第四个参数传入。

我的问题也就来了，java的线程执行的内容是写在run方法的，那么c的线程是如何调用java的方法的。最开始我以为是jni做的，就看了看openjdk的源码来验证。

openjdk的实现

java线程是通过start的方法启动执行的，主要内容在native方法start0中。

openjdk的写jni一般是一一对应的，Thread.java对应的就是Thread.c。

static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
    {"start0",           "()V",        (void *)&JVM_StartThread},
    {"stop0",            "(" OBJ ")V", (void *)&JVM_StopThread},
    {"isAlive",          "()Z",        (void *)&JVM_IsThreadAlive},
    {"suspend0",         "()V",        (void *)&JVM_SuspendThread},
    {"resume0",          "()V",        (void *)&JVM_ResumeThread},
    {"setPriority0",     "(I)V",       (void *)&JVM_SetThreadPriority},
    {"yield",            "()V",        (void *)&JVM_Yield},
    {"sleep",            "(J)V",       (void *)&JVM_Sleep},
    {"currentThread",    "()" THD,     (void *)&JVM_CurrentThread},
    {"countStackFrames", "()I",        (void *)&JVM_CountStackFrames},
    {"interrupt0",       "()V",        (void *)&JVM_Interrupt},
    {"isInterrupted",    "(Z)Z",       (void *)&JVM_IsInterrupted},
    {"holdsLock",        "(" OBJ ")Z", (void *)&JVM_HoldsLock},
    {"getThreads",        "()[" THD,   (void *)&JVM_GetAllThreads},
    {"dumpThreads",      "([" THD ")[[" STE, (void *)&JVM_DumpThreads},
    {"setNativeName",    "(" STR ")V", (void *)&JVM_SetNativeThreadName},
};

start0其实就是JVM_StartThread。此时通过search and replace工具查找JVM_StartThread关键字，在jvm.h中找到了声明，jvm.cpp中有实现。

JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_StartThread(JNIEnv* env, jobject jthread))
  JVMWrapper("JVM_StartThread");
  JavaThread *native_thread = NULL;
  bool throw_illegal_thread_state = false;

  // We must release the Threads_lock before we can post a jvmti event
  // in Thread::start.
  {
    // Ensure that the C++ Thread and OSThread structures aren't freed before
    // we operate.
    MutexLocker mu(Threads_lock);

    if (java_lang_Thread::thread(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread)) != NULL) {
      throw_illegal_thread_state = true;
    } else {
      jlong size =
             java_lang_Thread::stackSize(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread));
      // Allocate the C++ Thread structure and create the native thread.  The
      // stack size retrieved from java is signed, but the constructor takes
      // size_t (an unsigned type), so avoid passing negative values which would
      // result in really large stacks.
      size_t sz = size > 0 ? (size_t) size : 0;
      native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);
  ……
  ……

大概浏览上下文，native_thread的构造应该是在JavaThread的构造中完成的，此处代码就展示到构造JavaThread处。

JavaThread::JavaThread(ThreadFunction entry_point, size_t stack_sz) :
  Thread()
#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  , _satb_mark_queue(&_satb_mark_queue_set),
  _dirty_card_queue(&_dirty_card_queue_set)
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
{
  if (TraceThreadEvents) {
    tty->print_cr("creating thread %p", this);
  }
  initialize();
  _jni_attach_state = _not_attaching_via_jni;
  set_entry_point(entry_point);
  os::ThreadType thr_type = os::java_thread;
  thr_type = entry_point == &compiler_thread_entry ? os::compiler_thread :
                                                     os::java_thread;
  os::create_thread(this, thr_type, stack_sz);
  _safepoint_visible = false;

}

在构造函数中做了几件事，设置entry_point，设置stack_size,create_thread。entry_point在后面讲，这里需要知道此处有这么一个点。我们继续看线程的实现。线程的实现基本是基于系统库函数的（c++11才有的统一线程库）。具体实现在os_linux.cpp中（这里我们只说linux的，其他系统的实现就不在这里了）。

bool os::create_thread(Thread* thread, ThreadType thr_type, size_t stack_size) {
    ……
    pthread_t tid;
    int ret = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, (void* (*)(void*)) java_start, thread);
     ……
｝

这里终于看到了系统库函数的调用。线程执行的方法是java_start，参数是thread。

// Thread start routine for all newly created threads
static void *java_start(Thread *thread) {
  // Try to randomize the cache line index of hot stack frames.
  // This helps when threads of the same stack traces evict each other's
  // cache lines. The threads can be either from the same JVM instance, or
  // from different JVM instances. The benefit is especially true for
  // processors with hyperthreading technology.
  static int counter = 0;
  int pid = os::current_process_id();
  alloca(((pid ^ counter++) & 7) * 128);

  ThreadLocalStorage::set_thread(thread);

  OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();
  Monitor* sync = osthread->startThread_lock();

  // non floating stack LinuxThreads needs extra check, see above
  if (!_thread_safety_check(thread)) {
    // notify parent thread
    MutexLockerEx ml(sync, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    osthread->set_state(ZOMBIE);
    sync->notify_all();
    return NULL;
  }

  // thread_id is kernel thread id (similar to Solaris LWP id)
  osthread->set_thread_id(os::Linux::gettid());

  if (UseNUMA) {
    int lgrp_id = os::numa_get_group_id();
    if (lgrp_id != -1) {
      thread->set_lgrp_id(lgrp_id);
    }
  }
  // initialize signal mask for this thread
  os::Linux::hotspot_sigmask(thread);

  // initialize floating point control register
  os::Linux::init_thread_fpu_state();

  // handshaking with parent thread
  {
    MutexLockerEx ml(sync, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

    // notify parent thread
    osthread->set_state(INITIALIZED);
    sync->notify_all();

    // wait until os::start_thread()
    while (osthread->get_state() == INITIALIZED) {
      sync->wait(Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    }
  }

  // call one more level start routine
  thread->run();

  return 0;
}

这个方法可以直接跳到最后一行，他执行的是传递过来对象的run方法，大家还记得前面构造的JavaThread对象吧。

// The first routine called by a new Java thread
void JavaThread::run() {
  // initialize thread-local alloc buffer related fields
  this->initialize_tlab();

  // used to test validitity of stack trace backs
  this->record_base_of_stack_pointer();

  // Record real stack base and size.
  this->record_stack_base_and_size();

  // Initialize thread local storage; set before calling MutexLocker
  this->initialize_thread_local_storage();

  this->create_stack_guard_pages();

  this->cache_global_variables();

  ThreadStateTransition::transition_and_fence(this, _thread_new, _thread_in_vm);

  assert(JavaThread::current() == this, "sanity check");
  assert(!Thread::current()->owns_locks(), "sanity check");

  DTRACE_THREAD_PROBE(start, this);

  // This operation might block. We call that after all safepoint checks for a new thread has
  // been completed.
  this->set_active_handles(JNIHandleBlock::allocate_block());

  if (JvmtiExport::should_post_thread_life()) {
    JvmtiExport::post_thread_start(this);
  }

  EventThreadStart event;
  if (event.should_commit()) {
     event.set_javalangthread(java_lang_Thread::thread_id(this->threadObj()));
     event.commit();
  }

  thread_main_inner();

}

这里的代码需要大概过一下，我们看到方法的开头初始化很多信息，例如TLAB，TLS 等。真正执行的代码在thread_main_inner中。

void JavaThread::thread_main_inner() {
  assert(JavaThread::current() == this, "sanity check");
  assert(this->threadObj() != NULL, "just checking");

  // Execute thread entry point unless this thread has a pending exception
  // or has been stopped before starting.
  // Note: Due to JVM_StopThread we can have pending exceptions already!
  if (!this->has_pending_exception() &&
      !java_lang_Thread::is_stillborn(this->threadObj())) {
    {
      ResourceMark rm(this);
      this->set_native_thread_name(this->get_thread_name());
    }
    HandleMark hm(this);
    this->entry_point()(this, this);
  }
  DTRACE_THREAD_PROBE(stop, this);
  this->exit(false);
  delete this;
}

这个方法看到最后都发现没有执行run方法吧，这也是我第一次跟踪代码走完很奇特的地方，完全没说run方法的事情。 this->entry_point()(this, this);其实就是调用run方法的。上面我特意说记着entry_point这个东西。这个在构造JavaThread传入的，是一个名字叫thread_entry的函数。

static void thread_entry(JavaThread* thread, TRAPS) {
  HandleMark hm(THREAD);
  Handle obj(THREAD, thread->threadObj());
  JavaValue result(T_VOID);
  JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,
                          obj,
                          KlassHandle(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Thread_klass()),
                          vmSymbols::run_method_name(),
                          vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
                          THREAD);
}

里面有JavaCalls的过程，传入的就是 vmSymbols::run_method_name(),就是run方法。具体call_virtual怎么调用的。请参考https://www.zhihu.com/question/64677339/answer/223307974我也是参考了这里回答才明白的。

总结

jvm在linux中线程的实现就是调用的pthread库，但是线程执行的内容，却是解释执行的（就是上面说的call_virtual的过程），并不是jni的反调。我的理解就是每个c的线程都在解释执行java的run方法，从而达到了java的多线程效果。

java线程理解以及openjdk中的实现原创